Due to post-harvest losses more than 30% of harvested fruits will not reach the consumers' plate. Fungal pathogens play a key role in those losses, as they cause most of the fruit rots and the customer complaints. Many of the fungal pathogens are already present in the unripe fruit but remain quiescent during fruit growth until a particular phase of fruit ripening and senescence. The pathogens ...

Questionnaires were administered to a large sample of subjects (1363 Chinese college students), to evaluate the mediating risk factors in the defense system of depression, including personality, coping skills, interpersonal context and family environment. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze a total of 12 variables in order to understand how they interact with each other. Eyse...

Plants are endowed with a sophisticated defense mechanism that gives signals to plant cells about the immediate danger from surroundings and protects them from pathogen invasion. In the search for the particular proteins involved in fruit defense responses, we report here a comparative analysis of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig) infected by Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenb, which i...

We describe Elf, a metalanguage for proof manipulation environments that are independent of any particular logical system. Elf is intended for meta-programs such as theorem provers, proof transformers, or type inference programs for programming languages with complex type systems. Elf unifies logic definition (in the style of LF, the Edinburgh Logical Framework) with logic programming (in the s...

In a market where sellers compete by posting trading mechanisms, we allow for a general search technology and show that its features crucially affect the equilibrium mechanism. Price posting prevails when meetings are rival, i.e., when a meeting by one buyer reduces another buyer’s meeting probability. Under price posting buyers reveal their type by sorting ex ante. Only if the meeting technolo...

Effective policies, institutions and processes (PIP) are recognised as essential in sustaining livelihoods. Together, they shape poor people’s livelihood options. Although the importance of policy and institutional issues is widely recognised, approaches to reform are generally poorly understood. This section of the Guidance Sheets focuses on the concepts, methods and tools needed to help desig...

We investigate style accommodation in online discussions, in particular its interplay with content agreement and disagreement. Using a new model for measuring style accommodation, we find that speakers coordinate on style more noticeably if they disagree than if they agree, especially if they want to establish rapport and possibly persuade their interlocutors.

This article investigates Krivine’s realizability interpretation of classical second-order arithmetic and its recent extension handling countable choice. We will start by presenting a two-step interpretation which first eliminates classical logic via a negative translation and then applies standard realizability interpretation. We then argue that a slight variant of Krivine’s interpretation cor...