In this paper, the axial stress and deformation of high temperature high pressure super-deep deviated gas wells are studied. A new model presents multiple nonlinear equation systems, which comprehensively consider the axial load of the tubular string, internal and external fluid pressure, normal pressure between the tube and well wall, friction and the viscous friction of fluid flowing under va...

Natural gas explosions and fire destroyed two businesses in downtown Hutchinson and two residents of a mobile-home park also died of injuries from explosions. Gas geyser eruptions spewing a mixture of natural gas and saltwater in the area forced the evacuation of hundreds of people. The pathways to the land surface at both the explosion sites and the geysers were abandoned brine wells used for ...

Temperature dependence of the emission properties in a novel composite quantum-well-structure consisting of wide and narrow GaAs quantum wells (QWs) embedded in a GaAs/AlAs short-period superlattice (SPS) has been studied by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements. At low temperature (~20 K), distinct PL peaks originating from the QWs and SPS are observed. When temper...

In this paper we present a novel, quadruple well process developed in a modern 0.18 m CMOS technology called INMAPS. On top of the standard process, we have added a deep P implant that can be used to form a deep P-well and provide screening of N-wells from the Pdoped epitaxial layer. This prevents the collection of radiation-induced charge by unrelated Nwells, typically ones where PMOS transis...

BACKGROUND In 2011, a multidisciplinary team investigated two diarrhoea outbreaks affecting urban Bangladeshi communities from the districts of Bogra and Kishorganj to identify etiology, pathways of transmission, and factors contributing to these outbreaks. METHODS We defined case-patients with severe diarrhoea as residents from affected communities admitted with ≥3 loose stools per day. We l...

The urban area of Dakar, Senegal, contains > 5,000 market-garden wells that provide permanent sites for mosquito larvae, in particular Anopheles arabiensis Patton, the major vector of malaria. A study of the bioecology of mosquito larvae was conducted over 1 yr with a monthly visit to 48 of these wells. Overall, 9,589 larvae were collected of which 80.1% were Culicinae and 11.9% Anophelinae. La...

Deep aquifers in South and Southeast Asia are increasingly exploited as presumed sources of pathogen- and arsenic-free water, although little is known of the processes that may compromise their long-term viability. We analyze a large area (>1,000 km(2)) of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, in which arsenic is found pervasively in deep, Pliocene-Miocene-age aquifers, where nearly 900 wells at depths of...

Arsenic pollution in groundwater caused serious environment and health problem world widely. Few are reported for the occurrence and mechanisms of arsenic pollution in deep aquifers, though it is well documented by numerous study for arsenic enrichment in shallow groundwater. In this study, arsenic pollution was found in deep wells for drinking purpose. A total of 112 drinking groundwater sampl...

This paper describes a X-rays detector based on an array of scintillator crystals, CsI:Tl, encapsulated in well-type silicon. The X-ray energy is first converted to visible light which is detected by a photodetector in the well bottom. DRIE techniques are used to achieve perfect vertical sidewalls 515 m deep, 100 m pixel square size and to maximize the fill factor. The inner walls of the well a...