A detailed numerical simulation of forced convection heat transfer occurring in silicon-based microchannel heat sinks has been conducted using a simplified three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer model (2D fluid flow and 3D heat transfer). The micro-heat sink model consists of a 10 mm long silicon substrate, with rectangular microchannels, 57 lm wide and 180 lm deep, fabricated along the enti...

High temperature is one of the biggest abiotic stress challenges for agriculture. While, Nitric oxide (NO) is gaining increasing attention from plant science community due to its involvement in resistance to various plant stress conditions, its implications on heat stress tolerance is still unclear. Several lines of evidence indicate NO as a key signaling molecule in mediating various plant res...

The very essence of a hydrothermal system is transfer of heat by a convecting fluid. Despite this central role played by heat transfer, we have a woefully poor knowledge of the flux of heat from seafloor hydrothermal systems and its variation through time. This lack of knowledge is not from a lack of trying. Many different investigators have made estimates of the flux of heat from seafloor hydr...

[1] Incoming radiation forcing at the land surface is partitioned among the components of the surface energy balance in varying proportions depending on the time scale of the forcing. Based on a land-atmosphere analytic continuum model, a numerical land surface model, and field observations we show that high-frequency fluctuations in incoming radiation (with period less than 6 h, for example, d...

The contribution of heat and exercise related stress to the release of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) is currently unknown. The purpose of the present study was to determine the combined and independent effects of heat and exercise on the extracellular (e)HSP72 response. Eleven moderately trained male volunteers [means +/- SD: age 21 +/- 4 yr; body mass 75.7 +/- 7.7 kg; maximal oxygen uptake ((....

Ocean models are used to investigate how variations in surface heat fluxes and ocean heat transports contribute to variations of tropical Atlantic SSTs on decadal timescales. The observed patterns of variability, deduced from reanalyses of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), are found to involve the ocean’s response to variations in the strength of the northeast and southe...

titanium dioxide (tio2)nanoparticles have been frequently employed in the environmental treatment and purification purposes as a cheap and highly efficient photocatalyst. a photocatalyst can facilitate the breakdown and removal of a variety of environmental pollutants at room temperature. tio2 photocatalyst is the best candidatebecause of its strong oxidized ability, non-toxicity and longtherma...

The species Brassica rapa includes various vegetable crops. Production of these vegetable crops is usually impaired by heat stress. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) in Arabidopsis have been considered to mediate gene silencing in plant response to abiotic stress. However, it remains unknown whether or what miRNAs play a role in heat resistance of B. rapa. To identify genomewide conserved and novel miRNA...

zno nanowires with a diameter of 70 nm and nanorods with a diameter in the range of 100-150 nm and two micrometer in length were grown on glass substrates by resistive evaporation method and applying a two step oxidation process at low temperatures, without using any catalyst, template or buffer layer. xrd pattern of these nanostructures indicated a good crystallinity property with wurtzite hex...