If debt markets can price the risk of projects accurately, then the interests of shareholders and the regulator diverge. Shareholders see their value maximised by an equity-rewarded executive. However we demonstrate that such executives destroy welfare by selecting excessively risky projects due to two types of government-induced distortions: the debt tax shield and the implicit too-big-to-fail...

According to existing dynamic capital structure trade off theories equity holders never find it in their best interest to reduce debt voluntarily before bankruptcy or without renegotiating with creditors. This paper develops a model in which firms optimize the maturity structure of debt to commit to future downward restructurings. It is demonstrated that equityholders of firms with short-term d...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh likuiditas (current ratio), dan solvabilitas (debt to total assets ratio debt equity ratio) terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan ROA ROE (Return on Asset Return Equity) baik secara simultan maupun parsial pada perusahaan manufaktur. yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2017-2019. Jenis penelitian digunakan dalam adalah asosiatif menjelaskan hu...


 Abstract: This study aims to analyze the financial statements of PT UNILEVER INDONESIA Tbk. It is seen from ratio analysis for 2020-2021 period. Financial ratios as one analytical tools applied ability a company's statements. have advantages over other analyzes. There are different types ratios; liquidity, solvency, performance, and profitability. Ratio; current, fast, money showing rela...

This study aims to determine the effect of net profit margin, debt equity ratio, and tax planning on earnings management. The companies included in this are non-financial sector listed Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2019-2020. research uses multiple linear regression analysis method application Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS). population was 45 from observations 100 2019-2020 peri...