We have developed an exercise designed to give students practice calculating arterial O2 content, O2 delivery, physiological dead space, dead space and alveolar ventilation, and alveolar partial pressure of O2 and CO2. The exercise is in the form of a "murder mystery" in which students are required to make these calculations to identify the murderer.

Wound infections are generally characterized by various local inflammation, usually with pus formation, in most cases which are caused by one of the pyogenic bacteria which includes Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella spp., E. coli, etc., and which results the accumulation of dead leukocytes and infectious agent generally known as pus(Bowler et al., 2001). Wound infections cause ...

The slope of phase 3 and three noninvasively determined dead space estimates derived from the expiratory carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) versus volume curve, including the Bohr dead space (VD,Bohr), the Fowler dead space (VD,Fowler) and pre-interface expirate (PIE), were investigated in 28 healthy control subjects, 12 asthma and 29 emphysema patients (20 severely obstructed and nine moderately ob...

  Abstract   Background: Wound infection is a frequent and severe complication in burn patients   accounting for a high number of mortalities. There are some reports comparing   swab and biopsy cultures of wounds of various etiologies or chronic wounds.   Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate burn wound infection by different   bacteriologic methods of surface swab and tissue biopsy ...

Abstract Aim To date, there is no clear consensus regarding the best way to obliterate pelvic dead space, as seen in patients treated for recurrent perineal herniation and entero-cutaneous fistuli following total exenteration (TPE) locally advanced rectal cancer. We present a novel technique using saline-filled breast expander fill space create an artificial floor implant capsule, thus preventi...

Introduction: We describe a novel technique of contralateral pedicled deepithelialized superficial inferior epigastric artery flaps, followed by abdominal advancement coverage, as an alternative treatment of radiated complicated inguinal or lower abdominal defects, avoiding the donor-site defect typically seen with other methods of coverage. Methods: Two male patients with histories of liposarc...

BACKGROUND Complex elbow injuries with associated nerve, muscle, or joint injury commonly develop post-inury stiffness. In order to preserve function, joint congruency, elbow stability and durable wound coverage must be achieved in a timely manner. METHODS A retrospective review of patients who underwent orthopaedic fixation followed by free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap soft tissue coverage...

The midgut epithelium of the mosquito malaria vector Anopheles is a hostile environment for Plasmodium, with most parasites succumbing to host defenses. This study addresses morphological and ultrastructural features associated with Plasmodium berghei ookinete invasion in Anopheles gambiae midguts to define the sites and possible mechanisms of parasite killing. We show by transmission electron ...