Graves’ disease (GD) is hyperthyroidism associated with organ-specific autoimmune inflammation. GD occurs more frequently in adults than children; however, pediatric patients are a therapeutic challenge due to cycles of remissions and relapses requiring constant monitoring at every stage treatment administered. Dendritic cells (DCs) considered be link between innate adaptive immunity. DCs, as a...

The importance of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) is evidenced by the fact that they are essential for the elimination of pathogens. Although in vitro DCs can be generated by treatment of monocytes with GM-CSF and IL-4, it is unknown what stimuli induce differentiation of DCs in vivo. CD137L-DCs are human monocyte-derived DC that are generated by CD137 ligand (CD137L) signaling. We demon...

Dendritic cells (DCs) induce immunity and immunological tolerance as APCs. It has been shown that DCs secreting IL-10 induce IL-10(+) Tr1-type regulatory T (Treg) cells, whereas Foxp3-positive Treg cells are expanded from naive CD4(+) T cells by coculturing with mature DCs. However, the regulatory mechanism of expansion of Foxp3(+) Treg cells by DCs has not been clarified. In this study, we dem...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential mediators of the host immune response to surrounding microbes. In this study, we investigate the role of DCs in the pathogenesis of a widely used colitis model, dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. The effect of dextran sulfate sodium on the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) was analyzed. BM-DCs were...

Subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) have been described according to their functions and anatomical locations. Conventional DC subsets are defined by reciprocal expression of CD11b and CD8α in lymphoid tissues (LT), and of CD11b and CD103 in non-LT (NLT). Spleen CD8α(+) and dermal CD103(+) DCs share a high efficiency for Ag cross-presentation and a developmental dependency on specific transcriptio...

Dendritic cells (DCs) play important roles in the initiation and maintenance of the immune response. The dysfunction of DCs contributes to tumor evasion and growth. Here we report our findings on the dysfunction of DCs in radiation-induced thymic lymphomas, and the up-regulation of the expression of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and the fatty acid binding protein (FABP4), and the level of triacy...

We have achieved stable high-level expression of a human tumor antigen, epithelial cell mucin (MUC-1), on human dendritic cells (DCs) by retroviral transduction of CD34+ progenitor cells and their subsequent cytokine-induced differentiation into DCs. The process of retroviral transduction did not alter the growth or differentiation of DCs from CD34+ progenitor cells. Immunofluorescence and elec...

Dynamic capabilities (DCs) are noted drivers of organizations’ competitive advantage in fast-changing, digitalizing operating environments. However, research has reached no consensus on the essence DCs, and focus shifted from managerial excellence to employee involvement participation. The interpersonal view DCs is suggested as crucial enabling change capacity. At same time, globally distribute...

Macrophages are considered as main cellular target encountered by the facultative intracellular bacterium Salmonella typhimurium. However, in orally infected mice these pathogens are first internalized by dendritic cells (DCs) that are located in the subepithelial dome of Peyer's patches. Moreover, DCs can penetrate the intestinal epithelium to sample bacteria. Here, we examined the interaction...