Switched circuits in power electronics by their nature present hybrid behavior. Such circuits can be described by a set of discrete states with associated continuous dynamics. A control objective, usually regulation of the output in the face of disturbances in the continuous system, is accomplished by choosing among discrete states. We describe a hybrid systems perspective of several common tas...

⎯ A thermoelectric energy scavenging microsystem is proposed, optimized to convert the small thermal power available in human-body applications. A Lithium solid-state thin-film battery is integrated in the same device as well as the ultra low-power electronics to charge battery and perform DC-DC conversion.

Dc-dc converters suitable for use in battery-powered electronic equipment with energy management are discussed. To realize the benefits of energy management, these converters must be capable of maintaining regulation of their output voltages at no load, while maintaining high efficiency. Variable frequency operation is shown to give an improvement in efficient operating range of approximately t...

acute myeloid leukemia (aml) is a type of poor prognosis hematological malignancies characterized by heterogeneous clonal expansion of myeloid progenitors. leukemic stem cells are thought to form the majority of a cell population in minimal residual diseases (mrds) which are resistant to current chemotherapeutic regimens and mediate disease relapse. current therapeutic vaccine strategies have d...

This paper shows the design and control methods of the bidirectional DC-DC converter to generate the proper DC-link voltage of a PMSM drive. Conventionally, because the controllable power of the PWM based voltage source inverter is limited by its DC-link voltage, the DC-DC converter is used for boosted DC-link voltage if the inverter source cannot generate enough operating voltage for the PMSM ...

The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of medial and lateral plating of a medially comminuted supracondylar femoral fracture. A supracondylar femoral fracture model comparing two fixation methods was tested cyclically in axial loading. One-centimetre supracondylar gap osteotomies were created in six synthetic femurs approximately 6 cm proximal to the knee joint. There...

The authors report a method for monitoring, control, and end-point detection of electroplating in nanostructures. The method is demonstrated on nickel plating into polymer molds, which is an important process in the fabrication of soft x-ray zone-plate diffractive optics. The lack of reproducibility presently limits the achievable nickel aspect ratio and, thus, reduces the zone-plate diffractio...

In this talk, we report a research work on fabrication and metallization of high aspect ratio polymer microstructures fabricated using UV lithography of SU-8 on silicon substrate. Electroless plating of metal film on both the top and sidewall surfaces of microstructures were achieved while the silicon substrate was not plated. The primary chemical mechanisms and possible applications were also ...