the aim of this paper is to design a fractional order sliding mode controllers (fosmc)for a class of dc-dc converters such as boost and buck converters. firstly, the control lawis designed with respect to the properties of fractional calculus, the design yields an equiv-alent control term with an addition of discontinuous (attractive) control law. secondly, themathematical proof of the stabilit...

This paper investigates a novel integrated AC–DC hybrid magnetic bearing (HMB) to reduce the volume, weight, manufacturing, and operation cost of suspension motors. Two radial MBs an axial MB are with proposed HMB. The five-degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) is realized in one unit. axially polarized permanent magnets provide bias fluxes. First, HMB structure mechanism introduced. Second, based on metho...

Spin-orbit torque provides an efficient pathway to manipulate the magnetic state and magnetization dynamics of materials, which is crucial for energy-efficient operation a variety spintronic devices such as memory, logic, oscillator, neuromorphic computing. Here, we describe experimentally demonstrate strategy realization spin gate field sensor with extremely simple structure by exploiting long...

In the 1950s and 1960s, dc performance specifications such as integral nonlinearity, differential nonlinearity, monotonicity, no missing codes, gain error, offset error, and drift, etc., were primarily used to characterize data converters. These specifications were adequate during this era, because most early applications (with the exception of PCM and radar, for example) dealt with dc or low f...

In this work, an InGaP/GaAsSb/GaAs DHBT with carbon doping up to 4E19/cm GaAsSb base was studied. A current gain of 115 at the collector current density of 25KA/cm2 was achieved for the Rbs of about 530ohm/sq. Over 100mV turn-on voltage and knee voltage reduction and 2/3 offset voltage were obtained for the GaAsSb based HBT compared with the standard InGaP/GaAs SHBT. The DC gain of the device i...

In power systems, protective relays must filter their inputs to remove undesirable quantities and retain signal quantities of interest. This job must be performed accurate and fast. A new method for filtering the undesirable components such as DC and harmonic components associated with the fundamental system signals. The method is s based on a dynamic filtering algorithm. The filtering algorith...

Although attractive as a highly integrated solution, direct conversion architecture suffers from problems such as DC offsets, flicker noise and poor quadrature matching, that are further aggravated by using CMOS technology [1]. Furthermore, the 802.11a standard high bit-rate modes require closely matched I/Q frequency response. To alleviate those limitations, a transceiver topology allowing the...

We investigate directional couplers (DCs) formed by channel plasmon-polariton (CPP) waveguides (CPPWs). DCs comprising 5-µm-offset S-bends and 40-µm-long parallel CPPWs with different separations (0.08, 0.25, 0.5 and 2 µm) between V-groove channels are fabricated by using a focused ion-beam (FIB) technique in a 2-μm-thick gold film and characterized at telecom wavelengths (1425-1630 nm) with ne...

This letter presents a low-noise implementation of the switched-capacitor (SC) DC servo loop (DSL) in capacitively-coupled chopper instrumentation amplifier (CCIA). The noise SC integrator DSL is first analyzed, then low duty-cycle subsampling and unbalanced capacitor ratio are proposed to reduce noise. Fabricated 65 nm CMOS process, CCIA achieves 2.5 μVrms input-referred noise, integrated from...

A new synchronous rectifier (SR) driving method is proposed using primary current sensing in this paper. Because the magnetizing current of transformer is included in primary winding of transformer, it can’t be used to generate the driving signals of SRs directly. A current compensating winding in current transformer is used to cancel out the magnetizing current and generate suitable driving si...