tetanus is a disease caused by tetanus toxin, a potent inhibitor for the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system that causes spastic paralysis. fragment c (52 kd) of this toxin is responsible for binding to the neuronal membrane. for this reason, and also its non toxigenic and immunogenic nature, this fragment might be ideal for new vaccine development. presently, w...

background: glucocorticoids have several benefits in large animal medicine but apart from their benefits, there are several disadvantages attributed to the use of these drugs. among the disadvantages, disturbance in protein metabolism is one of the side effects of glucocorticoids which has been investigated in human and laboratory animals. objectives: there are no information regarding the effe...

phosphorus (p) is a macro mineral in broiler nutrition. in growing broilers, besides its requirement for proper bone development, it is also involved in almost all metabolic processes. poor p availability results in decreased productivity and poor health status.phosphorus availability from plant derived feeds is affected by an anti-nutritional factor “phytate”, which forms a variety of insolubl...

in this study the effects of water salinity on serum total protein and its components in grass carp were investigated. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of salinity tolerance of fish on total serum protein level and its components as an indicator of liver and kidney activity. one hundred and twenty grass carp were divided into four groups, randomly. the first three groups were r...

chlamydia trachomatis is one of the main causes of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) such as  prostatitis and epididymitis in men and cervicitis, endometriosis, vaginitis and ureogenital tract infections in women.  serological tests with sensitivities related to specific antigens are commonly used as  routine laboratory tests for diagnosis of chlamydia. in this research the chlamydia major o...

multidrug resistance (mdr) is a complex phenomenon in which many different genes regulating drug transport, cellular repair, detoxification and drug metabolism are involved. nevertheless, in most drug resistant cell lines and cancer patients up-regulation of abc-transporter genes such as mdr associated protein (mrp1) gene could be at the basis of the drug resistance phenotype. we aimed to decre...

seed storage proteins are synthesized as sources of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur for the next generation of plants. reactive oxygen species serve as second messengers for signal transduction; however, molecular targets of oxidant signaling have not been defined. here, many researchers showes that ligand–receptor mediated signaling promotes reactive oxygen species– dependent protein carbonylation...

this experiment was lay out in order to evaluate the effects of different biofertilizers on seed yield, protein and oil of rapeseed in iran. the experiment was a factorial design with three replications. treatments were four nitrogen biofrtilizers (control (n1), nitroksin (n2), azotobacter (n3) and supernitroplat (n4)) and three phosphate biofrtilizers ( control(p1), biosfer phosphate (p2) and ...

infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is the causative agent of gumboro disease, an infectious disease of global economic importance in poultry. structural protein vp2 of ibdv is the most frequently studied protein due to its significant roles in virus attachment, protective immunity, and serotype specificity. the objective of the present study was to improve the expression of hypervariable re...