We introduce a notion of probability to the graph programming language GP2 which resolves nondeterministic choices of graph transformation rules and their matches. With our programming model Probabilistic GP2 (P-GP2), rule and match decisions are assigned uniform distributions over their domains. In this paper, we present an implementation of P-GP2 as an extension of an existing GP2 compiler. A...

Let the edges of a graph G be coloured so that no colour is used more than k times. We refer to this as a k-bounded colouring. We say that a subset of the edges of G is multicoloured if each edge is of a different colour. We say that the colouring is H-good, if a multicoloured Hamilton cycle exists i.e., one with a multicoloured edge-set. Let ARk = {G : every k-bounded colouring of G is H-good}...

Vitis vinifera glycosyl hydrolase family 17 (VvGHF17) is a grape apoplasmic β-1,3-glucanase, which belongs to glycosyl hydrolase family 17 in grapevines. β-1,3-glucanase is not only involved in plant defense response but also has various physiological functions in plants. Although VvGHF17 expression is negatively related to the length of inflorescence in grapevines, the physiological functions ...

Other than studies on sex-labile Arisaema species, studies of gender patterns in Araceae are scarce. The modification of phenotypic and functional gender was investigated in three populations of the monoecious Arum italicum Miller. The probability of reproduction and the number of inflorescences produced increased with plant size, and flower number (total, male, staminodes, female, pistillodes)...

Epidendrum radicans is a food deceptive Batesian mimic of its sympatric model species Asclepias curassavica and Lantana camara. Theoretically, food deceptive orchids should be rare with small inflorescences (Johnson et al. 1993; Weins 1978) yet in San Luis, Costa Rica E. radicans grows in large monotypic stands with individuals sporting up to 12 open flowers per inflorescence. E. radicans might...

The paper is focused on an implementation of a predictive controller with a colouring filter C in a disturbance model. Both single-input-single-output (SISO) and multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) cases were considered and analysed. The filter is often essential for practical applications of predictive control based on input-output models. It is commonly considered as a design parameter because it...

In Arabidopsis, inflorescence stem formation is a critical process in phase transition from the vegetative to the reproductive state. Although inflorescence stem development has been reported to depend on the expression of a variety of genes during floral induction and repression, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of inflorescence stem formation. By activati...

The impact of the season on flowering time and the organization and morphogenesis of the reproductive structures are described in three tomato mutants: compound inflorescence (s), single flower truss (sft), and jointless (j), respectively, compared with their wild-type cultivars Ailsa Craig (AC), Platense (Pl), and Heinz (Hz). In all environmental conditions, the sft mutant flowered significant...