Spatial and temporal big data is one of the most important types data, spatiotemporal foundation for accurately measuring extracting value content. The disadvantage traditional representation that it cannot cope with rapidly growing amount its attribute global ability to represent data. In era has complex relationships, main lies in relationships between time, space, things. However, complexity...

background : spiritual needs are among an individual’s essential needs in all places and times. with his physical and spiritual dimensions and the mutual effect of these two dimensions, human has spiritual needs as well. these needs are an intrinsic need throughout the life; therefore, they will remain as a major element of holistic nursing care. one of the greatest challenges for nurses is to ...