نتایج جستجو برای: dark skies
تعداد نتایج: 76907 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Ultraviolet radiation dosimetry has been performed with the use of a radiochromic film dosimeter called Gafchromic EBT for solar radiation exposure. The film changes from a clear colour to blue colour when exposed to ultraviolet radiation and results have shown that the colour change is reproducible within ±10% at 5 kJ m(-2) UV exposure under various conditions of solar radiation. Parameters te...
Atmosphere scatters and absorbs incident solar radiation modifying its spectral content and decreasing its intensity at the surface. It is very useful to classify the earth-atmospheric solar radiation into several components direct solar surface irradiance (Edirect), diffuse-sky downward surface irradiance (Ediffuse), total surface irradiance, and upwelling flux at the surface and at the topof-...
In the current paper, we have studied the effect of dark energy on for-mation where dark energy exists in the background. For this purpose, we used both WMAP9 and Planck data to study how the radius changes with redshift in these mod-els. We used different data sets to fix the cosmological parameters to obtain a solution for a spherical region under collapse. The mechanism of structure formation f...
Remote sensing and field spectroscopy of natural waters is typically performed under clear skies, low wind speeds and low solar zenith angles. Such measurements can also be made, in principle, under clouds and mixed skies using airborne or in-situ measurements; however, variable illumination conditions pose a challenge to data analysis. In the present case study, we evaluated the inversion of h...
Aerosol is an essential parameter for assessing the atmospheric environmental quality, and accurate monitoring of aerosol optical depth (AOD) great significance in climate research protection. Based on Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images MODIS09A1 surface reflectance products under clear skies with limited cloud cover, we retrieved AODs Nanjing City from 2017 to 2018 using combined D...
Seedlings of 11 species of forest maples (Acer L.) were grown outdoors from budburst to senescence under three light regimes: ‘gap centre under clear skies ’ (approx. 20% open sky irradiance; red:far-red ratio ̄ 1±12) ; ‘gap centre under cloudy skies ’ (1±5%, ratio ̄ 1±03) ; and ‘gap edge’ (2±5%, ratio ̄ 0±6). Seedlings grown under the gap centre (clear sky) regime had significantly greater height...
The diurnal and annual variability of solar UV radiation in Europe is described for different latitudes, seasons and different biologic weighting functions. For the description of this variability under cloudless skies the widely used one-dimensional version of the radiative transfer model UVSPEC is used. We reconfirm that the major factor influencing the diurnal and annual variability of UV ir...
Honeybees have at least three compass mechanisms: a magnetic compass; a celestial or sun compass, based on the daily rotation of the sun and sun-linked skylight patterns; and a backup celestial compass based on a memory of the sun's movements over time in relation to the landscape. The interactions of these compass systems have yet to be fully elucidated, but the celestial compass is primary in...
[1] We conduct experiments with an ice-ocean model to answer the question whether and to what degree unusually clear skies during the summer of 2007 contributed to the record sea ice extent minimum in the Arctic Ocean during September of 2007. Anomalously high pressure over the Beaufort Sea during summer 2007 appears associated with a strong negative cloud anomaly. This anomaly is two standard ...
Orientation tests were conducted with snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis) exposed to artificially manipulated magnetic fields, during both spring and autumn migration. Experiments were run under clear sunset skies and under simulated complete overcast. The birds closely followed experimental shifts of the magnetic fields during both seasons regardless of whether they had access to celestial c...
نمودار تعداد نتایج جستجو در هر سال
با کلیک روی نمودار نتایج را به سال انتشار فیلتر کنید