smoking has been shown to be a complicating factor in normal wound healing. both nicotine and carbon monoxide adversely affect multiple stages of the healing process. from 1991 to 1999,407 muscle flap procedures were performed on 374 patients in a single surgical unit. a retrospective review of 261 patients was completed. patients were divided into three groups: group a, no smoking history grou...

Beside the well-established impact on decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (1), recent attention has been paid to the relationship between cocoa-containing foods and the immune system (2), showing that dark chocolate consumption enhances the systemic defense against bacterial (3) and viral (4) infections. Hence, the current study aimed at investigating the acute effect of dark chocola...

Introduction: Dark neurons which their morphological characteristics are consistent with those of cells undergoing apoptosis, are generated as an acute or delayed consequence of several pathological situations. The present study was designed to evaluate whether inflammatory pain regarding the role of NO and JNK lead to the formation of dark neurons in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cor...

Objective(s): Pregabalin (PGB) is a new antiepileptic drug that has received FDA approval for patient who suffers from central neuropathic pain, partial seizures, generalized anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia and sleep disorders. This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible adverse effects of PGB on the muscular system of mice. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the effect of PGB on skeletal...

I briefly review our current understanding of dark matter and dark energy. The first part of this paper focusses on issues pertaining to dark matter including observational evidence for its existence, current constraints and the ‘abundance of substructure’ and ‘cuspy core’ issues which arise in CDM. I also briefly describe MOND. The second part of this review focusses on dark energy. In this pa...

abstract in this experiment the effects of two type of medium cultures, gibberellic acid and dark/cold and light/warm culture conditions on mature embryos germination of a local cultivar of walnut were investigated. the mature fruits were collected at 22 weeks postanthesis and after disinfection the mature embryo along with cotyledon pieces were excised and then were cultured on mt and modified...

objectives : optimum viewing conditions facilitate identification of radiographic details and decrease the need for retakes, patients’ costs and radiation dose. this study sought to evaluate the effects of different viewing conditions on radiographic interpretation. materials and methods: this diagnostic study was performed by evaluating radiograph of a 7mm-thick aluminum block, in which 10 hol...

It is nowadays clear that General Relativity cannot be the definitive theory of Gravitation due to several shortcomings that come out both from theoretical and experimental viewpoints. At large scales (astrophysical and cosmological) the attempts to match it with the latest observational data lead to invoke Dark Energy and Dark Matter as the bulk components of the cosmic fluid. Since no final e...