Examination of dopamine-D3 (D3) receptors with positron emission tomography (PET) have been hampered in the past by the lack of a PET ligand with sufficient selectivity for D3 over dopamine-D2 (D2) receptors. The two types co-localize in the brain, with D2 density significantly higher than D3, hence nonselective PET ligands inform on D2, rather than D3 status. [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO is a novel PET li...

The cDNA for the dopamine D3 receptor was isolated and characterized in 1990. Subsequent studies have indicated that D3 receptors, as well as D3 receptor mRNA, are primarily localized in limbic regions in mammals. This finding led to the postulate that D3 receptors may be involved in drug dependence and addiction. However, this hypothesis has been difficult to test due to the lack of compounds ...

Background & Aims: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) comprises 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2. Although sex differences in 25(OH)D levels have been reported, it remains unclear whether the difference lies profiles of 25(OH)D. We determined serum 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (3-epi-25(OH)D3), (24R)-24,25-dihydroxyvitamin (24,25(OH)2D3) measured by LC-MS/MS healthy adults not consuming...

In this study, proximate body composition, fillets fatty acid and sensory properties of Nile tilapia fed on oilseed meals with crude papain enzyme were determined. A control diet (D1) 300g/kg protein (CP) (2900Kcal/kg) was formulated using fishmeal (Rastrionaebola argentea) (FM) test diets by replacing 10% CP FM soybean meal (SBM) (D2), canola (CM) (D3) sunflower (SFM) (D4). One hundred one day...

There are numerous scientific studies on vitamin D3 reported to have many important roles viz. in bone metabolism, osteoporosis, immunity, and useful in several diseases, e.g., cancers, cardio-vascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Surprisingly, there is little information available about the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the blood, which is the best indicator of vitamin D3 status...

The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is the physiologically active form of vitamin D3 that inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of a variety of malignant cells. We evaluated a newly synthesized vitamin D3 analogue [1,25(OH)2-16-ene-5,6-trans-D3 (Ro 25-4020)] that has a novel 5,6-trans motif. Dose-response studies showed that 1,25(OH)2-16-ene-5,6-trans-D3 had 10-100-fold grea...

The mass spectrum of D-wave mesons is considered in a nonrelativistic constituent quark model. The results show a common mass degeneracy of the isovector and isodoublet states of the 1 D1 and 1 D3 nonets, and suggest therefore that the K∗(1680) cannot be the I = 1/2 member of the 1 D1 nonet. They also suggest that the η2(1870), presently omitted from the Meson Summary Table, should be interpret...

Metabolism of [3H]25-hydroxyvitamin D3(25-OH-D3) was studied in primary cultures of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) from seven patients with sarcoidosis and two patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Production of a [3H]1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-[OH]2-D3)-like metabolite of [3H]25-OH-D3 was detected in lipid extracts of cells from five patients with sarcoidosis. Synthesis of thi...

The dopamine 3 (D3) receptor is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, and current research interests primarily focus on the discovery/design of potent D3 agonists. Herein, a well-designed computational protocol, which combines pharmacophore identification, homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simul...