3-Methyleneoxindole is a cytotoxic metabolite of indole-3-acetic acid with potential for use in cancer therapy. This species and ring-substituted analogues are conveniently synthesised from the corresponding isatins via a Peterson olefination.

objective (s):the aim of this study was to determine the correlation between vaccine therapy and appearance of mutations in hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) patients. materials and methods: 16 patients received the hbv vaccine and another 16 individuals from the control group did not. the surface gene was amplified and directly sequenced from samples ...

The tumor microenvironment is a key factor in cancer treatment response. Recent work has shown that changes in the tumor vasculature can be achieved by inhibiting tumor cell signaling, resulting in enhanced tumor oxygenation. These changes could promote responses to both chemo- and radiation therapy.

Objectives. Chemotherapy is considered to be essential in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), but drug resistance reduces its efficacy. Many advanced CRC eventually show 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) therapy. Synergistic and potentiating effects combination therapy, using herbal chemical drugs, can improve patients’ response. Zerumbone (ZER), which derived from ginger, has been stud...

Previous studies have shown that treatment of rats with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues or steroids either before exposure to procarbazine or radiation or after irradiation enhances subsequent levels of spermatogenesis. We demonstrate here that giving a GnRH agonist after procarbazine injection also enhances spermatogenesis and fertility. We also demonstrate that GnRH agonist st...