In this study, we used DNA sequence data of a western Palearctic oak gall wasp species, Cynips quercus, showing distribution from Europe to Iran answer the following questions: i) Do eastern C. quercus populations have higher genetic diversity than European populations?, ii) Are source for iii) What is possible date divergence between Asian and populations? For these purposes, analysed 88 cytoc...

Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin are the major phospholipids in young leaves of black oak (Quercus robor L.). Except for phosphatidylcholine, young, developing cynipid-galls on black oak leaves, i.e. the insect-transformed tissues, contain less phospholipid than normal leaf tissues. Lipid acyl hydrolase activity determined by the cleavage of fr...

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