PURPOSE To evaluate the prevalence of diseases of the eye in a population aged 80 years and above in the city of Veranópolis, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS 187 elderly people were submitted to ophthalmologic tests including external inspection, ocular motility examination, visual acuity determination for near and far distance, applanation tonometry, biomicroscopy, cycloplegia, direct fun...

Knowledge regarding the amount of blur perceived to be "bothersome" to an individual, namely that which is assumed to be annoying and to adversely affect task performance, remains limited. A Badal optical system was used to measure the blur detection, bothersome blur, and non-resolvable blur dioptric thresholds monocularly either to an isolated 20/50 or 20/200 Snellen E, or to three 20/50 lines...

Fourteen normal adult volunteers with normal binocular single vision and normal stereoacuity submitted to monocular and binocular degradation of their stereoacuity by cycloplegia and fogging with spherical lenses. Stereoacuity (SA) was reduced as soon as visual acuity (VA), both monocular and binocular, was reduced. There was a marked similarity in the degree of SA reduction produced by monocul...

PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of refractive errors and other eye diseases, incidence and types of amblyopia in school-aged children, and their relation to gender, age, parental education, and socioeconomic factors. METHODS A total of 21,062 children 6 to 14 years old were screened. The examination included visual acuity measurements and ocular motility evaluation. Autorefraction under...

Hyperopia is the most common refractive condition in childhood. There are few studies on moderate hyperopia and associated factors. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of moderate hyperopia and associated factors among school children. A cross-sectional study comprising 1,032 students attending 1st to 8th grades at two public schools was conducted in a Southern Brazilian urban area in...

PURPOSE To investigate the accuracy of the Carl Zeiss Meditec Wavefront Supported Custom Ablation (WASCA) aberrometer in refraction testing for Chinese myopic adults. METHODS Manifest refraction and WASCA were performed on 360 eyes of 360 consecutive Chinese myopic adults without cycloplegia. Both vector analysis and conventional notation were applied for comparing results, and differences be...

purpose: to determine the screening prevalence of amblyopia, refractive errors and strabismus among 7 to 12 year-old primary school children, tehran, iran, in 2013. methods: this population based cross sectional study was performed on randomly selected 2410 students from 40 primary schools. visual acuity was measured using yang vision tester snellen e-optotype. if visual acuity was ≤20/40, the ...

purpose: to determine the accuracy of photorefraction and autorefraction as compared to cycloautorefraction and to detect the repeatability of photorefraction. methods: this diagnostic study included the right eyes of 86 children aged 7‑12 years. refractive status was measured using photorefraction (plusoptix so4, gmbh, nürnberg, germany) and autorefraction (topcon rm800, usa) with and without ...

AIM To study the frequency of amblyogenic factors in patients with congenital ptosis. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 114 eyes of 100 patients with congenital ptosis more than 1 year old were included. Amblyopia was defined as best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) less than 10/10 or a difference between the two eyes of at least 2/10. In patients too young to be measured by the linear Sne...

PURPOSE To evaluate possible seasonal variations in myopia progression and ocular elongation in school children. METHODS Seventy-one children who were enrolled in a clinical trial of bifocals were examined every 6 months for 30 months. Three 6-month intervals ("winters") included none of the summer vacation from school, and two intervals ("summers") included all of the summer vacation. Myopia...