Preclinical studies on pharmacokinetics in animals usually require at least 3-5 animals per time point. The use of several animals in each time point may increase the result variation due to individual dosing errors and interand intraindividual variation among animals. Moreover, a large number of animals has to be euthanized in these experiments. In the present paper, the pharmacokinetics of th...

Newer anti-proliferative drugs Deoxyspergualin is a novel anti-proliferative drug derived from bacillus laterosporus that suppresses lymphocyte and macrophage function and impairs neutrophil production (1). Studies in refractory ANCA-associated vasculitis and crescentic glomerulonephritis have demonstrated useful efficacy and in a murine model of spontaneous vasculitis, deoxyspergualin was supe...

Background: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a drug with wide spectrum of clinical uses. Its effectiveness in the treatment cancer (acute and chronic leukemias, lymphoma, multiple myeloma) non-malignant diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis vasculitis has been well established. Objectives: The present investigation aimed to study effect sub-lethal dose cyclophosphamide, 5-FU combination 5-FU, CPA on h...

Introduction: Cyclophosphamide (CP) is used for the treatment of various cancers. In spite of its therapeutic importance, a wide range of adverse effects such as reproductive toxicity has been observed following the administration of this drug in human and experimental animals. In the current study, we have investigated the adverse effects of CP on morphology and histology of testis rats. M...

A pure method of drug (cyclophosphamide plus busulfan)-induced skin allograft tolerance in mice that can regularly overcome fully H-2-mismatched barriers in mice has been established. The components of the method are i.v. administration of 1 x 108 allogeneic spleen cells on day 0, i.p. injection of 200 mg/kg CP and 25 mg/kg busulfan on day 2, and i.v. injection of T cell-depleted 1 x 107 bone m...

Following implant of cotton thread-carrying 3-methyl-cholanthrene into the pancreas tissue of 90 C57BL/6 and 60 BALB/c mice, 13 developed ductal adenocarcinomas. Two of these tumors, both of C57BL/6 origin (Panc 02 and 03), were established in serial s.c. transplant. Panc 02 was treated with 37 different anticancer drugs representing all of the chemical and functional classes of clinically usef...

cyclophosphamide (cp) is extensively used as an antineoplastic agent for treatment of various cancers, as well as an immunosuppressive agent. however, despite its wide spectrum of clinical uses, cp is known to cause several adverse effects including reproductive toxicity in humans and experimental animals. crataegus monogyna is one of the oldest medicinal plant has been shown to be cytoprotecti...

PURPOSE Immunotherapy is a promising antitumor strategy, which can be successfully combined with current anticancer treatments, as suggested by recent studies showing the paradoxical chemotherapy-induced enhancement of the immune response. The purpose of the present work is to dissect the biological events induced by chemotherapy that cooperate with immunotherapy in the success of the combined ...

The development of cancer drug resistance is a persistent clinical problem limiting the successful treatment of disseminated malignancies. However, the molecular mechanisms by which initially chemoresponsive tumors develop therapeutic resistance remain poorly understood. Error-prone translesional DNA synthesis (TLS) is known to underlie the mutagenic effects of numerous anticancer agents, but l...