Statistical decision theory, whether based on Bayesian principles or other concepts such as minimax or admissibility, relies on the idea of minimizing expected loss or maximizing expected utility. Loss and utility functions are generally treated as unitless numerical measures of how costly or valuable are the various consequences of potential decisions. In this paper, we address directly the is...

In general, the risk of a financial instrument on a future valuation date depends on several stochastic variables. In the case of a currency swap, its value on a future date, can be modelled as a function of five stochastic variables. These represent the factors that determine the term structure of interest rates in the two currencies, and the foreign exchange rate between the currencies. The j...

In this paper we utilize the main findings from the recent literature to set the economic foundation for the existence of money, its modern interpretation as “memory” (Chokerlakota 1998) and how the Blockchain technology has empowered crypto currencies to perform this role in the information age.  To locate the issue in a historical perspective and in line with this strand of thought, we consid...

The dominant currency paradigm (DCP) predicts negligible effects of exchange rate changes on export volumes through the expenditure-switching channel (Gopinath et al., 2020). However, exports can still adjust other supply-side channels. With bilateral trade data at HS2-product level, panel fixed-effects regressions and an instrumental variables (IV) approach, this paper presents several novel f...

The revolutionary rise of digital financial innovations has heralded a new era in the operation banking system and central banks, which brought about transformation money. Central banks must respond to challenges profoundly affecting transforming system. have been exploring introduction bank currency (CBDC), order promote stability sustainable development, preserve competitiveness bolster effec...

This paper proposes a new method, called waveform dictionaries, to analyze the trend of the exchange rate of the Australian dollar against other currencies. Four different currencies are explored. They are the U.S. dollar, the Japanese yen, the British pound and the euro. The exchange rates can be classified as non-stationary signals. The waveform dictionaries can reduce the complexity of these...

We consider a recently proposed method of estimating the tail index and testing the goodness-of-fit of dependent stable processes. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we evaluate the ability of the procedure to distinguish between stable and non-stable processes in the presence of non-linear dependence and to estimate the tail index of the distribution. We then apply the test to black market East ...

We explicitly consider strategic interaction between governments to study currency competition and its effects on the circulation of currencies and welfare in a two-country twocurrency search theoretic model. Each government finances public goods by means of seigniorage. Compared with a regime with two local currencies, a regime with one international currency allows the issuer of the internati...