Several floods occurred in Erbil City 2021 and 2022, which caused disaster the city. 12 people died, thousands of houses vehicles were destroyed, numerous public projects such as electric stations roads damaged well. Specifying reasons providing suitable solutions are essential for minimizing damages. Thus, this research aimed to identify causes offer scientific flood damage future. site visits...

Abstract In lock design, several geometries are proposed for the levelling system with aim of insuring a smooth and fast operation. For high medium lift lock, longitudinal culverts side ports located in walls often chosen because this distribute flow along entire length chamber. Nevertheless, when one culvert (valve) is out order, asymmetrical what induced significant transverse mooring forces,...

Human modification of coastal ecosystems often creates barriers to fish movement. Passive acoustic telemetry was used quantify movement patterns and habitat use red drums (Sciaenops ocellatus) within around a complex impoundments, explored how the presence artificial structures (i.e., bollards culverts) hypoxia-related mortality event impacted Results indicated impede individuals with head widt...

Trail-based recreation has increased over recent decades, raising the environmental management issue of soil erosion that originates from unsurfaced, recreational trail systems. Trail-based soil erosion that occurs near stream crossings represents a non-point source of pollution to streams. We modeled soil erosion rates along multiple-use (hiking, mountain biking, and horseback riding) recreati...

The use of forest roads as foundations for dam construction by beavers is a recurrent problem in the management of forest road networks. In order to limit the damage to forest roads, our goal was to calculate the probability of beaver dam installation on culverts, according to surrounding habitat parameters, which could allow for improvement in the spatial design of new roads that minimise conf...

Poorly-designed road-stream crossings can put both ecosystems and transportation infrastructure at risk. In response to these threats, an interdisciplinary team, using the Connecticut River basin in the northeastern US as a focus area, but extending throughout the northeast and north-central US, is currently investigating two major research questions: 1) What are the demographic and genetic con...