The downsizing of solder balls results in larger interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) grains and less Cu substrate consumption in lead-free soldering on Cu substrates. This size effect on the interfacial reaction is experimentally demonstrated and theoretically analyzed using Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu and Sn-3.5Ag solder balls. The interfacial reaction between the Sn-xAg-yCu solders and Cu substrates ...

The colorless complexes [Cu(py)I], and [Cu(mor)I], (py = pyridine; mor = morpholine) were shown to be photoluminescent in noncoordinating solvents such as benzene, CH2Cl2, or acetone at room temperature. The red emission (A, = 698 nm) of the pyridine complex in benzene is quite intense (a = 0.04) and decays with a lifetime of T = 0.9 X s. The red photoluminescence (A,, = 654 nm) of the morpholi...

E.S. was a woman of 77 years, who was admitted to hospital on 3 May 1965. She had been on Aldomet tablets for hypertension for one year, but was active and fit. For 10 days before admission, she had complained of abdominal pain and had gradually weakened. A few hours before her admission the abdominal pain had increased in severity and her general condition had deteriorated rapidly. During this...

The authors examined 10 expert and 10 novice baseball batters’ ability to distinguish between a fastball and a change-up in a virtual environment. They used 2 different response modes: (a) an uncoupled response in which the batters verbally predicted the type of pitch and (b) a coupled response in which the batters swung a baseball bat to try and hit the virtual ball. The authors manipulated vi...

Dear Sir: Recently Lee et al. (1978) and Akaike et al. (1978) have published in this Journa l two very interest ing papers , repor t ing elegant exper iments with the internally per fused nerve cell bodies. We are especially happy with the success of these authors: the idea o f how simple it is to substitute the cytoplasm of the cell body by artificial saline has once more appeared to be frui t...

Dear Sir: Recently Lee et al. (1978) and Akaike et al. (1978) have published in this Journa l two very interest ing papers , repor t ing elegant exper iments with the internally per fused nerve cell bodies. We are especially happy with the success of these authors: the idea o f how simple it is to substitute the cytoplasm of the cell body by artificial saline has once more appeared to be frui t...

This study provides a first attempt from a toxicological perspective to put forward, in general terms and explanations, the toxicity series of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) to Thiobacillus thiooxidans BC1. Sulphur oxidation and sulphuric acid production are strongly related to microbial growth at pH less than 4. Dose–response analysis on chronic and acute toxicity (e.g. EC20, median effective dose ...

The ESR spectra of Cu(sal)2 • 4H 20, Cu(sal)2(2-pycar)2 and Cu(sal)2(3-pycar)2 (sal = salicylate ion; pycar = pyridinemethanol) at 77 К were stud­ ied. The spin Hamiltonian parameters indicate that the unpaired electron is in the antibonding y/b]g molecular orbital. The ESR spectra of pentacoordinated Cu(II) complexes of the [Cu(phen)2X]C104 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; X = CI, Br) exhibit axia...

α-Synuclein (αS) is an amyloidogenic intrinsically disordered protein implicated in Parkinson's disease, for which copper-mediated pathways of neurodegeneration have been suggested. We have employed nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and thioflavin T fluorescence to characterize interactions of Cu(2+) with the physiological acetylated form...

A series of novel Cu(I) N,S-heterocyclic carbene (NSHC) complexes [Cu(μ-Br)(NSHC)]2, [Cu(μ-X)(NSHC)]4 (X = Br or I), [(NSHC)2Cu(μ-Br)2Cu(NSHC)], and [(NSHC)2CuBr] have been isolated from in situ generated CuO(t)Bu and N-substituted benzothiazolium halides and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Five structural motifs were observed, viz. M(x)L(y) where x : y = 2 : 2, 4 : 4, 2 : 3, 1 : 2 and ...