The mechanism of copper (Cu) voids formation from electro-chemical plating (ECP) followed by Cu chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) are studied in Cu dual-damascene interconnection. The formation of Cu voids at metal lines is the main problem that causes not only the failure of via-induced metal-island corrosion but also yield loss. The galvanic theory and Cu lifting mechanism are proposed to e...

Thin cupric oxide (Cu₂O) nanobelts with width of few tens of nanometers to few hundreds of nanometers were fabricated in anhydrous ethanol on nanoporous copper templates that was prepared via dealloying amorphous Ti40Cu60 ribbons in hydrofluoric acid solutions at 348 K. The Cu₂O octahedral particles preferentially form in the water, and nanobelts readily undergo the growth along the lengthwise ...

In the title compound, [Cu(2)(C(7)H(5)O(2))(4)(C(10)H(9)N)(2)], the paddle-wheel-type dinuclear complex mol-ecule contains four bridging benzoate groups and two terminal 3-methyl-quinoline ligands. The asymmetric unit contains one and a half mol-ecules with a total of three independent Cu atoms; there is an inversion center at the mid-point of the Cu⋯Cu bond in one molecule. The octa-hedral coo...

Copper (Cu) is a micronutrient that has roles in photosynthesis, respiration, antioxidant activity, cell wall metabolism and hormone perception. Excess Cu is toxic and therefore its delivery has to be tightly regulated. Recent progress in the study of Cu homeostasis has revealed not only components of the Cu delivery machinery but also regulatory systems that control Cu-protein expression and c...

Although Cu is phytotoxic at Cu(2+) activities as low as 1-2 microM, the effect of Cu(2+) on the nodulation of legumes has received little attention. The effect of Cu(2+) on nodulation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Caloona) was examined in a dilute solution culture system utilising a cation exchange resin to buffer solution Cu(2+). The nodulation process was more sensitive to incr...

Seasonal changes in herbage elements (Cu, Mo, S, Fe), pasture growth, and soil moisture were measured and their relationships with liver Cu concentration in weaner heifers (n=10–12) and breeding cows (n=10–12) were determined on 7 commercial farms in the Wairoa region. Liver biopsy samples were collected at 2 to 4 monthly intervals and herbage and soil moisture monthly from spring 1996 to sprin...

Experimental evidence shows that small Cu(2)O nanoparticles exhibit ferromagnetic or paramagnetic properties, allowing for the promising possibility to recycle the catalyst Cu(2)O easily in wastewater treatment. In this paper, theoretical calculation studying the magnetic property of copper/oxide clusters is reported. A series of Cu(m)O(n) ((m, n) = (4, 1); (4, 2); (4, 5); (16, 15); (28, 15); (...

Copper sulfate (CuSO4) foot baths are a management practice used by dairy farms in an effort to control hoof infections. As an unintended consequence, agricultural soils experience Cu accumulation when spent foot baths are disposed of in wastewater lagoons utilized for irrigation purposes. We investigated the effect of Cu applications (up to 1000 mg kg) to a Xeric Haplocalcid (Declo series) and...

OBJECTIVE In-111 ((111)In)-labeled octreotide has been clinically used for imaging somatostatin receptor-positive tumors, and radiolabeled octreotide analogs for positron emission tomography (PET) have been developed. Cu-64 ((64)Cu; half-life, 12.7 h) is an attractive radionuclide for PET imaging and is produced with high specific activity using a small biomedical cyclotron. The aim of this stu...