Recognition by CD8(+) T lymphocytes (CTL) of epitopes that are derived from conserved gene products, such as Gag and Pol, is well documented and conceptually supports the development of epitope-based vaccines for use against diverse HIV-1 subtypes. However, many CTL epitopes from highly conserved regions within the HIV-1 genome are highly variable, when assessed by comparison of amino acid sequ...

Cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) responses of unprimed NZB spleen cells peaked on day 4 of culture as did cells from primed NZB or BALB/c mice. In contrast, primary BALB/c and DBA/2 responses peaked on day 6 of culture. Thus, NZB CTL generation was similar to the accelerated in vitro generation of CTL from the spleen cells of alloantigen-primed NZB and BALB/c mice. To evaluate the kinetics of these C...

This paper analyses the risk of failure associated with control methods for overvoltages due to compact transmission-line (CTL) energization. The Approximate Statistical Insulation Coordination Method is applied different verify which will be very suitable long CTL. results are analyzed according devices and configurations using pre-insertion resistor, controlled switching and, surge arrester. ...

This study aims to reveal the effect of using school television media and Contextual Teaching Learning (Ctl) learning methods on children's cognitive abilities. research is a quantitative research. The sampling technique used was Cluster Random Sampling. sample amounted 22 students in group B. test results instrument showed that reliability ability 0.921. data analysis simple regression analysi...

This study presented the effects of carrier-transporting layer (CTL) on electroluminescence (EL) performance a blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) with electron transporting host based three kinds electron-transporting layers (ETLs) including 3-(4-biphenyl-yl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), diphenyl-bis[4-(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]silane (DPPS) and 1,3,...

Abstract Background and Hypothesis Environmental stressors may influence immune surveillance in B lymphocytes stimulate autoimmune responses via epigenetic DNA methylation modifications schizophrenia (SCZ). Study Design A total of 2722 Chinese Han origin subjects were recruited this study (2005-2011), which including a discovery follow-up cohort with 40 remitters SCZ (RSCZ), non-remitters (NRSC...

The gag membrane protein gP85gag, encoded by Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MLV), was identified as a target molecule recognized by Moloney murine sarcoma virus--M-MLV (M-MSV--M-MLV)-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones. Target cells infected with Ab-X-MLV, an M-MLV-derived mutant virus not encoding gP85gag, were not lysed by the CTL clones. The same CTL clones were shown previously t...

We use mathematical models to study the relationship between HIV and the immune system during the natural course of infection and in the context of different antiviral treatment regimes. The models suggest that an efficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) memory response is required to control the virus. We define CTL memory as long-term persistence of CTL precursors in the absence of antigen. Inf...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env-, Gag-, Pol-, Nef-, and Tat-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activities were quantitated temporally in five patients with symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection. A dominant CD8(+)-mediated, major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CTL response to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp160, was noted in four of the five patients studied. T...