The arguments of Van Niekerk and Van Zyl that, on the grounds that it involves an inappropriate commodification and alienation of women's labour, commercial surrogate motherhood (CSM) is morally suspect are discussed and considered to be defective. In addition, doubt is cast on the notion that CSM should be illegal.

Eight ruminally cannulated steers (BW = 753 +/- 48 kg) were used to evaluate in situ N, NDF, and DM degradation characteristics of by-product feeds and their application for beef cows consuming low-quality forage. Experimental feedstuffs included (DM basis) 1) extruded-expelled cottonseed meal (ECSM; 33% CP and 55% NDF), 2) extruded-expelled cottonseed meal with linters (ECSML; 25% CP and 41% N...

Livestock waste composts with minimum inorganic fertilizer as a soil amendment in low-input intensive farming are a feasible agricultural practice to improve soil fertility and productivity and to mitigate soil degradation. The key benefits of the practice rely on the activities of soil microorganisms. However, the role of different livestock composts [composted cattle manure (CCM) vs. composte...

Two experiments were conducted to determine apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids (AIDAA) and nitrogen (AIDN) in cottonseed meal (CSM) and soyabean meal (SBM) fed to growing pigs. In the first experiment, twenty-four male pigs (37.3 (SE 2.7) kg) were individually penned and randomized to either CSM or SBM diets. The diets contained 40% of the protein meal (either CSM or SBM) in a wheat st...

Type IIn/Ia-CSM supernovae (SNe IIn/Ia-CSM) are classified by their characteristic spectra, which exhibit narrow hydrogen emission lines originating from a strong interaction with circumstellar medium (CSM) together broad of intermediate-mass elements. We performed intensive follow-up observations SN 2020uem, including photometry, spectroscopy, and polarimetry. In this paper, we focus on the re...

Patients 175 patients > 50 years of age (mean age 73 y, 59% women) with cardioinhibitory CSH who reported to the emergency department because of a non-accidental fall. Exclusion criteria included cognitive impairment (MiniMental State Examination score < 24), a medical cause for the fall within 10 days of presentation, an accidental fall, blindness, contraindication to carotid sinus massage (CS...

BACKGROUND Risk prediction models that incorporate biomarkers and clinicopathologic variables may be used to improve decision making after radical prostatectomy (RP). We compared two previously validated post-RP classifiers-the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Postsurgical (CAPRA-S) and the Decipher genomic classifier (GC)-to predict prostate cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in a contempor...