Abstract Introduction Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are among the leading causes of death and disability in younger age groups. Current guidelines to prevent infection compound depressed fractures skull recommend fragment removal debridement, cranial defect usually is left for a secondary cranioplasty. However, recent studies demonstrated no difference rates between primary reconstruction. He...

INTRODUCTION The endoscopic approach to the repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea represents a considerable advance over open approaches. Advantages of the endoscopic approach include a high success rate, rapid recovery and discharge, preservation of olfaction, avoidance of frontal lobe retraction, and avoidance of a craniotomy scar. Intraoperatively, repair cannot be attempted until t...

BACKGROUND Viruses are increasingly recognized as major causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Few studies have investigated the clinical predictors of viral pneumonia, and the results have been inconsistent. In this study, the clinical predictors of viral pneumonia were investigated in terms of their utility as indicators for viral pneumonia in patients with CAP. METHODS Adult patient...

BACKGROUND Anticholinergic agents, specifically the quaternary salt of atropine, are currently being recommended for chronic rhinitis and the common cold. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 50- and 75-microg doses of atropine sulfate as a nasal spray in perennial allergic rhinitis. METHODS A placebo-controlled, double-blind study compared 2 doses of atropine nasal spray given ...

Objective: To find out the allergic symptoms of patients who presented to otorhinolaryngology clinic. Methods: Two hundred and fifteen patients of either sex and above the age of sixteen years who presented to otorhinolaryngology clinic suffering from allergic rhinitis were involved in the study. History of rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal obstruction, nasal itching, epistaxis, nasal dryness and con...

BACKGROUND The most common adverse effects of CPAP are related to the upper airways. We evaluated upper-airway symptoms before and after a CPAP trial as well as their effect on CPAP adherence. We also evaluated the effect of humidification added to CPAP therapy on upper-airway symptoms. METHODS We followed for 1 y 536 subjects with obstructive sleep apnea scheduled consecutively for CPAP init...

In this study, 90 patients with idiopathic non-allergic rhinitis were divided into three groups. Silver nitrate was given to Group I, flunisolide to Group II, and placebo to Group III. Healing results according to symptoms, physical findings, nasal smear findings and biopsy findings were compared. Improvement ws noticed in symptoms (rhinorrhea 93%, sneezing 89%, nasal congestion 80%), physical ...