This study assessed the effects of apical hair cell destruction on the detection and discrimination of low-frequency stimuli. Monauralized chinchillas were trained using operant conditioning and positive reinforcement to respond to pure-tone stimuli in the absence and the presence of a high-pass noise masker. Following the collection of the baseline absolute thresholds, psychophysical tuning cu...

K eloid scars—fibrous overgrowths that occur in sites of previous skin injury—are composed of excess collagen and often extend beyond the borders of the original wound (Figure 1). Keloids often develop soon after injury but can also occur up to several years following the initial traumatic insult. Common causes include surgical procedures, piercings, vaccinations, lacerations, and burn injuries...

Pulmonary hamartoma is one of the most common benign lung tumors. Well-known conventional methods of treatment for lung hamartomas include VATS enucleation or wedge resection, bronchoplasty, and others. Here we present a case of endobronchial hamartoma that was successfully treated with cryosurgery by flexible bronchoscopy.

Hidroacanthoma simplex is a rare intraepidermal neoplasia that arises from the acrosyringial portion of the eccrine duct. Malignant transformation of hidroacanthoma simplex is reported in the literature and the treatment is performed with wide excision or Mohs micrographic surgery. We report the first case successfully treated with cryosurgery with a long-term follow up.

A case of a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the nictitating membrane (NM) in a 9-year-old female spayed dachshund is reported. Computed tomography and resection of the NM followed by cryosurgery was performed. Although uncommon, BCC should be considered as a differential diagnosis for tumors of the NM.

Cryosurgery is a widely regarded minimally invasive surgery for treatment of various types of cancers. It involves destruction of cancer cells within a limited spatial domain by exposing them to very low temperatures while minimizing injury to surrounding peripheral healthy tissues. Surprisingly, despite increasing demands for cryosurgery, there has been limited innovation in the design of cryo...

The different forms of treatment for haemorrhoids are described. These include conservative therapy, elastic band ligation, sclerotherapy, cryosurgery, anal dilatation, lateral sphincterotomy and formal surgery. Controlled trials comparing these methods of treatment indicate that surgery should be rarely performed. Of the remaining methods available, elastic band ligation or anal dilatation are...

9. Bonifaz A, Martinez-Soto E, Carrasco-Gerard E, Peniche J. Treatment of chromoblastomycosis with itraconazole, cryosurgery, and a combination of both. Int J Dermatol. 1997;36: 542--7. 10. Kullavanijaya P, Rojanavanich V. Successful treatment of chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi by the combination of itraconazole and cryotherapy. Int J Dermatol. 1995;34: 804--7. J. Bassas-Vila,∗ M....

A new methodology for preventing freezing damage beyond pre-specified boundaries during prostate cryosurgery is proposed herein. It consists of emitting controlled laser irradiation from the urethra, across the wall and into the prostate while conventional cryoprobes freeze the unwanted prostate tissue. The purpose of this methodology is to protect the urethral wall better and confine the desir...