In the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, plasma is magnetically confined with Superconductive Magnets (SMs) that must be maintained at cryogenic temperature of 4.5 K by one or more Superconducting Magnet Cryogenic Cooling Circuits (SMCCC). To guarantee cooling, Loss-Of-Flow Accidents (LOFAs) in SMCCC are to avoided. this work, we develop a three-step methodology for prompt detec...

Improving efficiency of hydrogen cooling in cryogenic conditions is important for the wider applications energy systems. The approach investigated this study based on a Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube (RHVT) that generates temperature separation working fluid. simplicity RHVT also valuable characteristic In present work, novel shapes are computationally with goal to raise process. Specifically, smoot...

The study of cold gas-phase molecules is a major thrust of modern chemical and atomic physics[1]. In particular, inelastic collisions of cold molecules have recently attracted widespread theoretical and experimental interest. These collisions are a window into the internal structure and dynamics of molecular interactions as well as being the expected fundamental limiting process for collisional...

It is well accepted in cryobiology that the temperature history and cooling rates experienced in biomaterials during freezing procedures correlate strongly with biological outcome. Therefore, heat transfer measurement and prediction in the cryogenic regime is central to the field. Although direct measurement of temperature history (i.e. heat transfer) can be performed, accuracy is usually achie...