The effect of wortmannin posttreatment was studied in cells derived from different species (hamster, mouse, chicken, and human) with normal and defective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) activity, cells with and without the ataxia telangiectasia (ATM) gene, and cells lacking other regulatory proteins involved in the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. Clonogenic assays were used...

We mapped two different quail Mhc haplotypes and sequenced one of them (haplotype A) for comparative genomic analysis with a previously sequenced haplotype of the chicken Mhc. The quail haplotype A spans 180 kb of genomic sequence, encoding a total of 41 genes compared with only 19 genes within the 92-kb chicken Mhc. Except for two gene families (B30 and tRNA), both species have the same basic ...

For over 30 years a phospholipase C enzyme called alpha-toxin was thought to be the key virulence factor in necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens. However, using a gene knockout mutant we have recently shown that alpha-toxin is not essential for pathogenesis. We have now discovered a key virulence determinant. A novel toxin (NetB) was identified in a C. perfringens strain isolate...

By sequencing cDNA clones which cover the complete coding region of human tenascin (TN), we have established its primary structure. This confirms that, as in the case of chicken, TN is mainly made up of three groups of sequences with a high homology to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) fibronectin (FN) type III repeat and fibrinogen. Furthermore, we have determined the amino-terminal sequence of th...

Aminopeptidases are members of a membrane-bound metallopeptidase family that are expressed at a high level on the brush-border membrane of enterocytes. Because the rapid growth of meat-type chickens depends on the dietary supply of amino acids, a study of intestinal aminopeptidases, which play a central role in protein digestion, is important. This study is the first reported isolation of the p...

Chicken TGGCA proteins belong to the ubiquitous, eukaryotic family of NFI-like nuclear proteins, which share an identical DNA binding specificity. They are involved in viral and cellular aspects of transcriptional regulation and they are capable of stimulating Adenovirus initiation of replication. Using microsequencing data from peptides of isolated proteins and PCR supported cloning, we have d...

This study aims to determine the antibiotic resistance phenotypes of Salmonella isolates of broiler meat and chicken samples against a total of 23 antimicrobial agents. For this, 64 meat and 79 chicken Salmonella isolates, which were obtained from retail meat and farm samples analyzed in our laboratory from February 2006 to January 2009, were used. All Salmonella isolates were resistant to at l...

The gas exchanging region in the avian lung, although proportionally smaller than that of the mammalian lung, efficiently manages respiration to meet the high energetic requirements of flapping flight. Gas exchange in the bird lung is enhanced, in part, by an extremely thin blood-gas barrier (BGB). We measured the arithmetic mean thickness of the different components (endothelium, interstitium,...

0016-2361/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.03.042 Abbreviations: CFME, chicken fat methyl esters; American society of testing and materials; KOH, p sodium hydroxide; KOMe, potassium methoxide; NaO ⇑ Corresponding author at: Department of Automo Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey Tel.: +90 3032203. E-mail addresses: [email protected], Canakci). In t...