Drought is one of the most significant impacts climate on agriculture, especially food crops. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) an for droughts. The research objective was to study relationship SPI values productivity rice and corn crops in Situbondo district. result showed that value time scale at three months appropriate observed corn. significantly correlated with plants Jatibanteng Arj...

I n her seminal work, Silent Spring, Rachel Carson writes: ‘‘If Darwin were alive today the insect world would delight and astound him with its impressive verification of his theories of survival of the fittest. Under the stress of intensive chemical spraying the weaker members of the insect populations are being weeded out.’’ (1) Evolution of insecticide resistance in 400 species of insects no...

Effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization on a corn/soybean cropping sequence were evaluated from 2013 to 2020 (corn planted in odd years) study initiated 1983. Corn yield was near optimum at 160 lb/a N. Phosphorus K alone increased corn 31 7 bu/a, respectively; soybean yields 22 1.7 respectively. As N increased, the response P 13 40 bu/a. The best return fertiliz...

Immunoassay methods are available for detection and quantitation of proteins expressed by most biotechnology-derived crops in commercial production. The 2 most common test formats are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunochromatographic (lateral flow) strip tests. Two ELISA methods, one for Roundup Ready soybeans and one for MON810 CrylAb corn, were the subject of large internati...

The evolution of resistance in insect pests will imperil the efficiency of transgenic insect-resistant crops. The currently advised strategy to delay resistance evolution is to plant non-toxic crops (refuges) in close proximity to plants engineered to express the toxic protein of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). We seek answers to the question of how to induce growers to plant non-tox...

Densities of plant-parasitic nematodes were compared on six crops grown for forage during the summer of 1991 at seven sites in north central Florida. The cropping treatments were 'Howard' soybean (Glycine max), 'Deltapine 105' soybean, velvetbean (Mucuna deeringiana), 'California Blackeye #5' cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), 'Pioneer 3098' tropical corn (Zea mays), and 'Asgrow Chaparral' sorghum (So...

Crop yields are limited by a combination of biotic stresses, abiotic stresses, and nutritional factors. various analyses have suggested that abiotic stress—due primarily to drought, heat, cold or salinity—is the major factor that prevents crops from realizing their full yield potential (e.g. Boyer, 98 ; edmeades, 008). Increases in crop yields through conventional plant breeding result from gen...

The soybean economy experienced balanced sumption, such as modified-protein corn and cereal growth in both total demand and total supply since crops, and synthetic amino acids and urea supplethe early 1940's, but in recent years encountered ments, suggest possible long-range problems in the excess production. Since the soybean economy is utilization area. Production increases in' crops that eff...

Augmentative biological control in outdoor cropping systems is often considered to be ineffective. High release rates are often needed for effective control and may be so frequently required that they become prohibitively expensive, especially when natural enemies are purchased from commercial suppliers. Natural enemies released argumentatively may provide control levels that are considered too...

Helicoverpa armigera, one of the world's most destructive crop pests, was first documented in Brazil in 2013. Within a few months, this polyphagous insect had spread over the Northeast and Central-West of Brazil, causing great agricultural losses. With several reports of populations resistant to pesticides and Bt crops around the world, there is great concern about the spread of this pest in Br...