tificial drainage, however, are well documented and include sediment, nutrient (N, P), and pesticide delivery Nitrate losses through subsurface drains in agricultural fields pose to surface waters via subsurface drain lines (Gast et al., a serious threat to surface water quality. Substantial reductions in drainage losses of NO3–N can occur with alfalfa (Medicago sativa 1978; Logan et al., 1980,...

During the twentieth century, agricultural production strived to achieve increased food production in order to satisfy both local and export demands. In many cases, this led to increased farm sizes and an operational separation of crop and livestock production. Society fears that the trend of increasing centralization and industrialization of agriculture, specifically animal agriculture, has re...

Considering how people perceive risks to their livelihoods from local wildlife is central to (i) understanding the impact of crop damage by animals on local people and (ii) recognising how this influences their interactions with, and attitudes towards, wildlife. Participatory risk mapping (PRM) is a simple, analytical tool that can be used to identify and classify risk within communities. Here ...

Reducing food losses and waste is considered to be one of the most promising measures to improve food security in the coming decades. Food losses also affect our use of resources, such as freshwater, cropland, and fertilisers. In this paper we estimate the global food supply losses due to lost and wasted food crops, and the resources used to produce them. We also quantify the potential food sup...

The objective of the study was to monitor the filling and emptying of bag silos at three research farms to determine the variation in density and losses in pressed bag silos. Twenty five bags were filled over the 2000 harvest season, and 15 of those bags have been completely emptied. Dry matter (DM) densities in alfalfa silages were approximately 200 kg/m when the crop was at 40% DM, and densit...

The critical period for weed control (CPWC) is the period in the crop growth cycle during which weeds must be controlled to prevent unacceptable yield losses. Field studies were conducted in 2005 and 2006 in the University of Birjand at the south east of Iran to determine CPWC of corn using a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of...