The optical properties of paramagnetic CrN over the wavelength range 250 nm–30 m were determined from transmission and reflection spectra of 44–11 000-nm-thick epitaxial CrN 001 layers that were grown on MgO 001 by ultrahigh vacuum magnetron sputtering at 700 °C and were found to be pure cubic single crystals by x-ray diffraction -2 , , and scan analyses. The imaginary part of the dielectric fu...

Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) provide a solution for the spectrum scarcity problem facing the wireless communications community. However, due to the infancy of CRNs, further research is needed before we can truly benefit from CRNs. The basic concept of CRNs relies on utilizing the unused spectrum of a primary network, without interfering with the activity of primary users (PUs). In order to s...

Phytophthora spp. secrete vast arrays of effector molecules upon infection. A main class of intracellular effectors are the CRNs. They are translocated into the host cell and specifically localise to the nucleus where they are thought to perturb many different cellular processes. Although CRN proteins have been implicated as effectors, direct evidence of CRN mediated perturbation of host proces...

The 316 L Stainless Steel is widely used as structural material in marine applications and subject to localized pitting corrosion chlorinated environments. main aim of the present work development coatings that are alternately deposited by a combination Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Atomic Layer (ALD) techniques. Three different architectures PVD/ALD, ALD/PVD PVD/ALD/PVD were studied. layer A...

Creatine deficiency syndrome due to mutations in X-linked SLC6A8 gene results in nonspecific intellectual disability (ID). Diagnosis cannot be established on clinical grounds and is often based on the assessment of brain creatine levels by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Considering high costs of MRS and necessity of sedation, this technique cannot be used as a first level-screening test...

In this paper, the performance of cognitive radio (CR) code division multiple access (CDMA) systems is analyzed. More precisely, CR users belong to a cognitive radio network (CRN), which coexists with a primary radio network (PRN). Both CRN and PRN are CDMA-based, with colocated base stations. Soft hand off and power control are considered in both the CRN and the PRN. Upon the development of an...

Motivated by the desire for efficient spectral utilization, we present a novel algorithm based on binary power allocation for sum rate maximization in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN). At the core lies the idea of combiningmulti-user diversity gainswith spectral sharing techniques and consequently maximizing the secondary user sum rate while maintaining a guaranteed quality of service (QoS) to th...

Corrosive-erosive effect on AISI D3 steel, 304 stainless steel and CrN/AlN coating in aqueous NaCl slurries was studied. CrN/AlN multilayer films with a thickness of 3 m and bilayer period of = 60 nm (50 bilayers) were obtained by using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique (magnetron sputtering). The corrosion-erosion experiments were performed in a test machine in which the impingemen...

In this paper we consider cognitive processes and their impact on the performance of cognitive radio networks (CRN). We model the cognition cycle, the main control process of the cognitive radio (CR), during which CR sequentially senses and estimates the environment state, creates plans based on the knowledge (models) of itself and that of the environment, makes decisions in order to optimize c...

The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is the source of all of the above-ground tissues and organs in post-embryonic development in higher plants. Studies have proven that the expression of genes constituting the WUSCHEL (WUS)-CLAVATA (CLV) feedback loop is critical for the SAM maintenance. Several histone lysine acetylation and methylation markers have been proven to regulate the transcription level ...