one of the inflammatory mediators which is secreted by inflammatory cells is high-mobility group protein b1 (hmgb1). interaction of hmgb1 and toll-like receptors (tlrs) leads to increased production of inflammatory cytokines. on the other hand, it was shown that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (trem-1) also can be activated by tlrs, and its soluble form (strem-1) can be formed by...

Twenty-one edentulous patients with the presence of a removable implant-retained full denture in at least 1 jaw that had been in function for 12 months or more were selected to be in this study. The patients were followed over 3 months, beginning 1 week before their annual recall visit. Hygiene scores, probing depth, bleeding on probing (BOP), implant stability, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) ...

Steroid sex hormones have a significant effect on different organ systems. As far as gingiva are concerned, they can influence the cellular proliferation, differentiation and growth of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Estrogen is mainly responsible for alterations in blood vessels and progesterone stimulates the production of inflammatory mediators. In addition, some micro-organisms found in the ...