OBJECTIVE Head injury is the main cause of death among individuals younger than 45 years old. Cranial Computerized tomography (CT) is commonly used for diagnosis of head injury. Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is a peptide originally isolated from brain ventricles. The main aim of this study is to investigate BNP as an indicator of head injury among patients presenting to emergency department (...

BACKGROUND Trauma is considered as a worldwide problem despite socio-economic development. Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are the most important cause of trauma. Trauma related deaths are mostly preventable. This study aimed to investigate the causes and prevention of death in trauma patients. METHODS This retrospective, descriptive-analytic study assessed 100 trauma patients referred to our ...

on the adult skull. The skull of the infant, and more so in the neonate by necessity, is immensely malleable, with the pliability of a milk carton. As a mainly cartilaginous structure at birth, the infant skull is ultraresponsive to direct molding pressures. The evolution of the neurocranium, through different growth centers, as well as the main sutural features of the skull and face are shown ...

Scalp and cranial defects can occur as a result of cutaneous or bony malignancies, trauma, surgical intervention for intracranial tumors. Soft tissue reconstruction composite presents unique challenge given the relative inelasticity scalp, need tension free closure, convex shape cranium. An added complexity is found in patients with large defects, cerebrospinal fluid leak, prior failed reconstr...

A review of the extensive work by dentists Fonder and Smith to resolve temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome shows awareness of the unity of the body and the effect of TMJ dysfunction on all body systems. However, the role of the craniosacral mechanism has not been appreciated sufficiently. Results of a retrospective study of 130 TMJ patients evaluated for craniosacral dysfunction over a 9-yea...

Aberrant regeneration of the third nerve occurs as a result of synkinetic 'miswiring' of the third nerve following its injury, such as in third cranial nerve palsy due to tumor, trauma, or aneurysm. The case presented is an elderly woman with new vertical diplopia, which led to a diagnosis of a third cranial nerve palsy, thought to be caused by a 5 mm blister aneurysm of the posterior communica...

SECTION 1 A 2-year-old boy with a history of autism spectrum disorder and speech delay presented with refusal to walk for a day in late December 2014. In addition to leg weakness, he developed constipation and urinary retention for 2 days. There was no history of pain, altered sensorium, cranial nerve deficits, or upper limb weakness. There was no preceding fever, immunizations, sick contacts, ...

Cranial computed tomographic (CT) findings are described in 37 children with head injuries resulting from physical abuse. CT findings included subarachnoid hemorrhage (27 patients), cerebral edema (24), cerebral hemorrhage (11), and subdural hematoma (nine). Intravenous contrast material was administered in 10 children in whom there were neurologic symptoms or signs but no history or physical s...

Cranioplasty is a neurosurgical operation for repairing cranial defects that have occurred in a previous operation or trauma. Various methods have been presented for cranioplasty from past to present. In computer-aided design based methods, quality of an implant depends on operator’s talent. In mathematical model based methods, such as curvefitting and various interpolations, healthy parts of a...

Tetanus is a neurologic disorder caused by tetanospasmin, a protein toxin elaborated by Clostridium tetani. Cephalic tetanus is a localized form of the disease causing trismus and dysfunction of cranial nerves. We report the case of a man who presented with facial trauma, complete ophthalmoplegia, exophthalmos, areactive mydriasis, and periorbital hematoma. An orbital CT revealed air bubbles in...