There are over 3,000 sites across the United States contaminated wtth lead. Techniques to remediate these sites include standard stabilization/disposal technologies, reclamation of lead using secondary lead smelters, soil washing, and biological removal technologies. Through a Cooperative Agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Risk Reduction Engineering B secondary Laboratory...

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising candidates for the next generation of solar cells because they are easy to fabricate and have high power conversion efficiencies. However, there has been no detailed analysis of the cost of PSC modules. We selected two representative examples of PSCs and performed a cost analysis of their productions: one was a moderate-efficiency module produced from...

Nanomagnetites were used as a most efficient agent for removal of heavy metals such as As and Cr for cleaning polluted water as heavy-metal contamination in groundwater is one of the severe global problems. In India, arsenic poisoning is very common but the major hurdle in synthesizing nanomagnetite in the lab is, high cost by decomposition method using FeOOH and oleic acid in 1-ODE. Here we ar...

Despite the well-known economical, technical, and environmental benefits achieved by the use of the blended cements, its production has been slow to develop in the U.S.. The major aim of this project was to establish blended cement production technology through laboratory investigations. This involved production and evaluation of blended cement in the laboratory, in order to define materials, p...

A plethora of materials is available to the modern day house designer but selecting the appropriate material is a complex task. It requires synthesising a multitude of performance criteria such as initial cost, maintenance cost, thermal performance and sustainability among others. This research aims to develop a Knowledge-based Decision support System for Material Selection (KDSMS) that facilit...

A new low cost thin film substrate technology was developed within the EU research project LAP. The project’s substrate cost target of 1 US$/inch shall be obtained by using low cost materials and large area panel processing (LAP). This paper presents tests and measurements showing the process accuracy and the geometric variations resulting from low cost manufacturing. The second part is focusin...

The development of e-learning materials is typically acknowledged as an expensive, complicated, and lengthy process, often producing materials that are of low quality and difficult to adapt and maintain. It has always been a challenge to identify proper e-learning materials that can be reused at a reasonable cost and effort. In this paper, software engineering reuse principles are applied to e-...

Clinicians value printed patient education materials for use in their busy practices because of their accessibility, convenience, and low cost. These materials can help broach important and sensitive topics, reinforce medical information verbally discussed with the patient in a cost-effective manner, and save time typically required to explain clinical topics. If a material can provide necessar...

BACKGROUND Patient charges and availability of dental services influence utilization of dental services. There is little available information on the cost of dental services and availability of materials and equipment in public dental facilities in Africa. This study aimed to determine the relative cost and availability of dental services, materials and equipment in public oral care facilities ...