Data taken with ten Cosmic Ray Tracking (CRT) detectors and the HEGRA air-shower array on La Palma, Canary Islands, have been analysed to investigate changes of the cosmic-ray mass composition at the ‘knee’ of the cosmic-ray flux spectrum near 1015 eV energy. The analysis is based on the angular distributions of particles in air showers. HEGRA data provided the shower size, direction, and core ...

A new numerical model of particle propagation in the Galaxy has been developed, which allows the study of cosmic-ray and gamma-ray production and propagation in 2D or 3D, including a full reaction network. This is a further development of the code which has been used for studies of cosmic ray reacceleration, Galactic halo size, antiprotons and positrons in cosmic rays, the interpretation of dii...

A new numerical model of particle propagation in the Galaxy has been developed, which allows the study of cosmic-ray and gamma-ray production and propagation in 2D or 3D, including a full reaction network. This is a further development of the code which has been used for studies of cosmic ray reacceleration, Galactic halo size, antiprotons and positrons in cosmic rays, the interpretation of dif...

The macroscopic behaviour of cosmic rays in turbulent magnetic fields is discussed. An implementation of anisotropic diffusion of cosmic rays with respect to the magnetic field in a non-conservative, high-order, finite-difference magnetohydrodynamic code is discussed. It is shown that the standard implementation fails near singular X-points of the magnetic field, which are common if the field i...

The rare isotope Li is made only by cosmic rays, dominantly in αα → Li fusion reactions with ISM helium. Consequently, this nuclide provides a unique diagnostic of the history of cosmic rays in our Galaxy. The same hadronic cosmic-ray interactions also produce high-energy γ rays (mostly via pp → π → γγ). Thus, hadronic γ-rays and Li are intimately linked. Specifically, Li directly encodes the l...

The galactic chemical evolution of Be and B provides unique information about the origin and history of cosmic rays. The available Pop II data demonstrate that Be and B have a Galactic source, probably in one or more kinds of spallation processes. However, the data are not unequivocal about the nature of Be and B origin, as encoded in the primary or secondary (linear or quadratic) scaling with ...

We study the temporal behavior of the power spectra for Galactic cosmic-ray fluctuations during the last two solar cycles. We use the 5-min data for 1980–2002 corrected for the barometric effect from two widely separated high-latitude cosmic-ray stations, Tixie Bay and Oulu. The cosmicray fluctuation spectrum is shown to be subjected to a regular long-term modulation with a period of about 11 y...

We extend previous studies of mixed-composition extragalactic cosmic-ray source models, by investigating the influence of a non-negligible extragalactic magnetic field on the propagated cosmic-ray spectrum and composition. We study the transport of charged particles in turbulent fields and the transition from a ballistic to a diffusive propagation regime. We introduce a method allowing a fast i...

Part of results of collaborative studies for revealing an influence of the periodical changes of solar, geomagnetic and cosmic ray activities on the sudden cardiac death (SCD) mortality is described in this paper. The data covering daily and monthly temporal distribution of SCD (788 patients in 36 months in 2003-2005), taken from all of emergency and first medical aid stations of grand Baku are...

— A complete model for the origin of high-energy ( > ∼ 10 14 eV) cosmic rays from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and implications of this hypothesis are described. Detection of high-energy neutrinos from GRBs provide an unambiguous test of the model. Evidence for cosmic-ray acceleration in GRBs is suggested by the detection of anomalous γ-ray components such as that observed from GRB 941017. Neutron β...