Interstellar (IS) cosmic rays consist mainly of protons with a smaller admixture of heavier nuclei. Antiprotons (p’s) occur at an abundance of 10 of p’s. These energetic particles, kinetic energy K > 10 MeV, are Galactic in origin, not to be confused with the much denser solar wind plasma, with much lower K. The relative element abundances in cosmic rays (CRs) indicate that CR primaries are ion...

Searching for strangelets in cosmic rays may be the best way to test the possible stability of strange quark matter. I review calculations of the astrophysical strangelet flux in the GV–TV rigidity range, which will be investigated from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) on the International Space Station, and discuss the merits of strangelets as ultra-high energy cosmic rays at EeV–ZeV e...

The problem of the origin of cosmic rays is considered in an astronomical context and the current observational situation summarised. The evidence for acceleration in supernova remnants is critically examined.

We consider the propagation of cosmic rays in turbulent magnetic fields. We use the models of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence that were tested in numerical simulations, in which the turbulence is injected on large scale and cascades to small scales. Our attention is focused on the models of the strong turbulence, but we also briefly discuss the effects that the weak turbulence and the slab Alfvé...

It is shown that an instanton induced interaction between quarks produces a very deeply bound H-dibaryon with mass below 2M N , M H = 1718 MeV. Therefore the H-dibaryon is predicted to be a stable particle. The reaction of photodisintegration of H-dibaryon to 2Λ in during of its penetration into cosmic microwave background will result in a new possible cutoff in the cosmic-ray spectrum. This pr...

It is shown that instanton induced interaction between quarks produces a very deeply bound H-dibaryon with mass below 2M N , M H = 1718 MeV. Therefore the H-dibaryon is predicted to be a stable particle. The reaction of photodisintegration of H-dibaryon to 2Λ in during of its penetration into cosmic microwave background will result in a new possible cutoff in the cosmic-ray spectrum. This provi...