We investigate numerically the configurational statistics of strings. The algorithm models an ensemble of global U(1) cosmic strings, or equivalently vortices in superfluid He. We use a new method which avoids the specification of boundary conditions on the lattice. We therefore do not have the artificial distinction between short and long string loops or a ‘second phase’ in the string network ...

Confinement of cosmic rays by turbulent magnetic fields and the relation between magnetic and cosmic ray energy densities are investigated. Cosmic rays are assumed to diffuse preferentially along magnetic field lines. The implementation into a nonconservative high-order finite difference code is discussed. By solving an explicitly time-dependent equation for the cosmic ray energy flux, causalit...

The unifying scenario fo cosmic evolution is outlined by following the natural changes among radiation, matter and life in standard, big-bang cosmology. Using aspects of non equilibrium thermodynamics, especially energy flow considerations, we argue that it is the contrasting temporal behavior of various energy densities that have given rise to the environments needed for the emergence of galax...

The Ge(1/2) metastable states decay with a very characteristic signature which allow them to be tagged event-by-event. Studies were performed using data taken with a high-purity germanium detector in a low-background laboratory near a nuclear power reactor core where ν̄e-flux was 6.4× 10 12 cms. The measured average and equilibrium production rates of Ge(1/2) were (8.7± 0.4) and (6.7± 0.3) kgday...

The energy fed by active galactic nuclei to the surrounding diffuse baryons changes their amount, temperature, and distribution; so in groups and in member galaxies it affects the X-ray luminosity and also the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect. Here we compute how the latter is enhanced by the transient blastwave driven by an active quasar, and is depressed when the equilibrium is recovered with a depl...

It is usually assumed that relic neutrinos possess a Fermi-Dirac distribution, acquired during thermal equilibrium in the Early Universe. However, various mechanisms could introduce strong distortions in this distribution. We perform a Bayesian likelihood analysis including the first moments of the three active neutrino distributions as free parameters, and show that current cosmological observ...

We study equilibrium conngurations of boson stars in the framework of general scalar-tensor theories of gravitation. We analyse several possible couplings , with acceptable weak eld limit and, when known, nucleosynthesis bounds, in order to work in the cosmologically more realistic cases of this kind of theories. We found that for general scalar-tensor gravitation, the range of masses boson sta...

We report high-resolution observations made in interplanetary space of 83-284 MeV per nucleon galactic cosmic-ray iron isotopes and directly establish that 56Fe is the dominant cosmic-ray Fe isotope. We find the following percentage abundances for Fe at the cosmic-ray source: 54Fe = 9(+8, -5)%, 55Fe:::; 7%, 56Fe = 91(+5, -11)%, 57Fe:::; 8%, and 58Fe:::; 6%. When compared to calculated nucleosyn...

Contribution of nearby pulsars to the cosmic rays observed at Earth has been studied. It is found that the experimental bound on amplitude of cosmic ray anisotropy may produce significant constraint on the efficiency of converting pulsar rotational energy to emitted particles kinetic energy. Cosmic ray fluxes from two well known nearby gamma ray pulsars, namely the Vela and Geminga pulsars, are...