Intraperitoneal injection of propofol inhibits subsequent acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. Propofol increases the sensitivity of dorsal root ganglion neurons to capsaicin through transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype-1 (TRPA1) and protein kinase Cε (PKCε)-mediated phosphorylation of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype-1 (TRPV1). Intraperitoneal co-injection of pr...

It has been suggested that the supernatant of LPSstimulated macrophages (macrophage nociceptive factor, MNF) promotes nociception in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of MNF induced dose-related writhing, which reached a plateau between 18 and 26 min after injection and decreased within 60 min. The release of MNF was inhibited by the pretreatment of the macrophages with cycloheximide, a prot...

The Nociception Coma Scale is a nociception behaviour observation tool, developed specifically for patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) due to (acquired) brain injury. Over the years, the clinimetric properties of the NCS and its revised version (NCS-R) have been assessed, but no formal summary of these properties has been made. Therefore, we performed a systematic review on the clini...

To study the inflammatory hyperplasia induced by an acute noxious stimulation of oral mucosa with 5% formalin (5%FOR), we performed an immunohistochemical study on the expression of TNFá in the intermolar region of the dorsal lingual eminence (IDLE), and Iba1 and phosphorylated (phospho)- p38 MAPK involved with central nervous system microglial activation in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (...

BACKGROUND The assessment of pain and nociception in non-communicative patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) is a real challenge for clinicians. It is, therefore, important to develop sensitive standardized tools usable at the bedside. OBJECTIVES This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge about pain processing and assessment in patients with DOC. METHODS A sea...

Assessing behavioral responses to nociception is difficult in severely brain-injured patients recovering from coma. We here propose a new scale developed for assessing nociception in vegetative (VS) and minimally conscious (MCS) coma survivors, the Nociception Coma Scale (NCS), and explore its concurrent validity, inter-rater agreement and sensitivity. Concurrent validity was assessed by analyz...

Abnormalities in anatomy and function of the cranial nerve motor nuclei and brain stem structures have been demonstrated in some people with autism and can be modeled in rats by exposure to valproic acid (VPA) during very early nervous system developmental stages (neural tube closure). The aim of this study was to investigate if VPA will have an impact on nociception in rats because of reported...

Prokineticins (PKs), consisting of PK1 and PK2, are a pair of newly identified regulatory peptides. Two closely related G-protein coupled receptors, PKR1 and PKR2, mediate the signaling of PKs. PKs/PKRs participate in the regulation of diverse biological processes, ranging from development to adult physiology. A number of studies have indicated the involvement of PKs/PKRs in nociception. Here w...

purpose: to determine the indications for and surgical techniques of corneal transplantation at labbafinejad medical center (lmc) from 2004 to 2007. methods: in this descriptive study, records of 756 patients who had undergone corneal transplantation from october 2004 to october 2007 were reviewed. results: overall, 504 male (64.9%) and 272 female (35.1%) subjects with mean age of 41.29±21.25 (...