Given a directed acyclic graph with labeled vertices, we consider the problem of finding the most common label sequences (“traces”) among all paths in the graph (of some maximum length m). Since the number of paths can be huge, we propose novel algorithms whose time complexity depends only on the size of the graph, and on the relative frequency ε of the most frequent traces. In addition, we app...

The word proposition is used in physics with different meanings, which must be distinguished to avoid interpretational problems. We construct two languages L∗(x) and L(x) with classical set-theoretical semantics which allow us to illustrate those meanings and to show that the nonBoolean lattice of propositions of quantum logic (QL) can be obtained by selecting a subset of p-testable proposition...

We analyze the quantum dynamics of the non-relativistic two-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator in Heisenberg’s picture. Such a system is taken as toy model to analyze some of the various quantum theories that can be built from the application of Dirac’s quantization rule to the various symplectic structures recently reported for this classical system. It is pointed out that that these qu...

We argue that the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics cannot be applied to quantum cosmology. Among the alternative interpretations, we choose to apply the Bohm-de Broglie interpretation of quantum mechanics to canonical quantum cosmology. For minisuperspace models, we show that there is no problem of time in this interpretation, and that quantum e ects can avoid the initial singular...

A rigorous derivation of the Schrödinger theory from the Pauli (or Dirac) theory implies that the Schrödinger equation describes an electron in an eigenstate of spin. Furthermore, the ground-state kinetic energy is completely determined by the electron spin density. This can be explained by interpreting the spin as an orbital angular momentum, which is necessarily accompanied by a kinetic energ...

A recent experiment performed by S. S. Afshar et al. has been interpreted as a violation of Bohr’s complementarity principle between interference visibility and which-path information in a two-path interferometer. We have reproduced this experiment, using true single-photon pulses propagating in a two-path wavefrontsplitting interferometer realized with a Fresnel’s biprism, and followed by a gr...

Information processing biases, such as interpretation bias and attention bias, play a significant role in social anxiety disorder (Williams et al., 1997). Interpretation bias refers to the tendency to interpret both negative and neutral stimuli as more negative than they are objectively. Attention bias refers to the tendency to attend preferentially to threatening stimuli. Socially anxious indi...

The theme of this paper is the multiplicity of the consistent sets emerging in the consistent histories approac to quantum mechanics. We propose one criterion for choosing preferred families among them: that the physically realizable quasiclassical domain ought to be one corresponding to classical histories. We examine the way classical mechanics arises as a particular window, and in the import...

In ‘inverse problems’ data from indirect measurements are used to estimate unknown parameters of physical systems. Uncertain data, (possibly vague) prior information on model parameters, and a physical theory relating the model parameters to the observations are the fundamental elements of any inverse problem. Using concepts from probability theory, a consistent formulation of inverse problems ...

Studies have shown /s/ variation to be a powerful social cue, indexing gender, social class, and age (Stuart-Smith 2007), as well as sexual orientation or non-normative masculinity (Pharao et al. 2014; Zimman 2017). Based on speech data from nineteen gay and straight French and German bilingual men this paper explores the social meaning of /s/ variation across three task types: an L2 (English) ...