Using the analytic estimates developed for the emittance diagnostic channel for the finalstage cooling experiment, we conclude that diagnostics for both an initial-stage cooling experiment, and for the targetry experiment could be performed with a bent solenoid of 1.25 T field strength. The solenoid bore would need to be at least 35 cm for the initial-stage cooling experiment, and at least 50 c...

Two new concepts have been identified for direct steam generating solar fields that charge a two-tank molten salt storage system. The use of both supercritical and superheated subcritical steam is proposed, and discussed in practical terms and with regards to thermodynamic issues of heat transfer to the salt. Both concepts are found to allow significantly higher hot-tank temperatures than solar...

A framework has been developed that brings together the important physical parameters and processes governing the vertical mass flux in deep convective clouds and their area cover. The main result is a simple relation for the cloud mass flux and area fraction in terms of the large-scale radiative cooling, environmental stratification, and the extent of lateral entrainment of the ambient air by ...

This annex summarizes what decommissioning is, alternative decommissioning strategies, the status of decommissioning projects around the world, and the factors that influence choices among decommissioning strategies. After a nuclear power reactor is turned off for the last time, the initial steps toward decommissioning are not unfamiliar. The fuel is moved to the spent fuel storage pond where i...

Phase change materials (PCM) are thermal storage materials with a high storage density for small temperature range applications. One such application is the storage of natural cold of the night to use during daytime, called “free cooling”. Very high energy efficiency can be reached as the cold has not to be generated. Those systems are especially interesting for lightweight buildings, which hea...

Wendy J. Umberger Proponents of mandatory country-of-origin labeling (COOL) of meat argue that COOL would provide US producers with a competitive advantage in the marketplace. They contend that US consumers perceive domestic meat products to be higher quality than imported meat products. Therefore, because of its higher perceived quality, U.S.-labeled meat will garner a premium over imported me...

OBJECTIVE Using subjective measures, this study investigated singers' and listeners' perceptions of changes in voice condition after vocal cool-down exercises. STUDY DESIGN A single-subject crossover was designed to evaluate whether there were discernible differences in either singer or listener perceptions from pre (no vocal cool downs) to post (with cool downs) test. Subjective questionnair...

1 Abstract The COOL 1 system has been designed to satisfy two goals; to provide an eecient object oriented support layer built directly on the Chorus Micro-Kernel and to co-exist with UNIX by ooering access paths, and by using Unix functionality. In this paper we discuss how the COOL system has been designed to exploit features of the Chorus operating system model, to provide abstractions suite...

We present results for the first three low-power radio galaxies from the B2 bright sample to have been observed with Chandra. Two have kpc-scale radio jets, and in both Chan-dra resolves jet X-ray emission, and detects soft X-ray core emission and an X-ray emitting galaxy-scale atmosphere of luminosity a few 10 41 ergs s −1. These are the first detections of X-ray jets in low-power radio galaxi...

[1] As part of the southeast Asian monsoon system, the South China Sea (SCS) is characterized by monsoon wind transition from northeasterly to southwesterly in the boreal spring. Correspondingly, a spring warm pool (SWP) with mixed layer temperature warmer than 29 C is formed and peaked in May over the central SCS and then decays in June. Calculations of the heat budget showed that the surface ...