The supramolecular structures of a substrate, such as crystallinity, specific surface area, average pore size, and cellulase adsorption capacity, etc., affect the enzymatic hydrolysis of a lignocellulosic biomass. It is unclear which of these factors is most important for efficient hydrolysis. To eliminate the influence of the hemicellulose content and the lignin, sugarcane bagasse samples with...

It is well-known that the set of h -terms modulo &-convertibility is a semi-group with I as identity element and composition 0, defined by M 0 N = BMN, where B = hxyt . x(yz). In [6, pp. 167,168] the question is raised under what conditions an element in this semi-group has an inverse. DezanXiancaglini gave in [8] a characterization of (w.r.t. A&-calculus) invertible terms having a normal form ...

ABSTRACT A 2.5D numerical model of magnetoacoustic-Alfvén linear mode conversions in the partially ionized low solar atmosphere induced by Hall effect is surveyed, varying magnetic field strength and inclination, wave frequency horizontal wavenumber. It found that only component energy subject to Hall-mediated Alfvén wave-energy via a process polarization rotation. This strongly boosts direct c...

Purpose The application of circular building adaptability (CBA) in adaptive reuse becomes an effective action for resource efficiency, long-lasting usability the built environment and sped-up transition to a economy (CE). This paper aims explore which extent CBA-related strategies are applied projects, considering enablers obstacles. Design/methodology/approach A stepwise theory-practice-orient...

We propose a thin and compact integral imaging system using electroluminescent (EL) films as backlight. EL film has the advantage that it can operate continuously even when it is cut or punctured. Using this characteristic, we generate an array of pinholes on EL film to form a point light-source array for reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) images based on integral imaging. The EL pinhole fil...

Dependently typed theorem provers allow arbitrary terms in types. It is convenient to identify large classes of terms during type checking, hence many such systems provision some form of conversion rule. A standard algorithm for testing the convertibility of two types consists in normalizing them, then testing for syntactic equality of the normal forms. Normalization by evaluation is a standard...

Exploiting unique features of nonholonomic systems, innovative and advantageous mechanisms can be designed. We have proposed a nonholonomic manipulator which is a controllable n joint manipulator with only two actuators. In order to create its nonholonomic constraint, a special type of velocity transmission, called the nonholonomic gear, was developed. There are many possible alternatives for d...

Comparative endocrine studies have notably advanced understanding of ecological factors that contribute to variation in human reproductive function. Such research has relied on methodological advances that permit hormone determinations in samples that are easily and safely collected, stored, and transported, most recently on measurement of steroids in saliva. This report seeks to further expand...