The analog-integrated circuits industry is exerting increasing pressure to shorten the analog circuit design time. This pressure is put primarily on the analog circuit designers that in turn demand automated circuit design tools evermore vigorously. Such tools already exist in the form of circuit optimization software packages but they all suffer a common ailment — slow convergence. Even taking...

This paper tests for long-run macroeconomic convergence among European Union countries according to the various exchange rate regimes that have prevailed over the last forty years. Applying a recently developed test to monthly index of industrial production data, output convergence is confirmed or rejected depending on whether or not the first largest principal component based on benchmark devi...

This paper presents the concepts of $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces and stratified $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces. It is shown that the category of stratified $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces is a bireflective subcategory of the category of $(L,M)$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces, and the former is a Cartesian-closed topological category. Also, it is proved that the category of stratified $...

Since the turn of the century there have been several notions of convergence for subsets of metric spaces appear in the literature. Appearing in as a subset of these notions is the concepts of epi-convergence. In this paper we peresent definitions of epi-Cesaro convergence for sequences of lower semicontinuous functions from $X$ to $[-infty,infty]$ and Kuratowski Cesaro convergence of sequence...

Toothed whales and two groups of bats independently acquired echolocation, the ability to locate and identify objects by reflected sound. Echolocation requires physiologically complex and coordinated vocal, auditory, and neural functions, but the molecular basis of the capacity for echolocation is not well understood. A recent study suggested that convergent amino acid substitutions widespread ...

In this paper,  it is shown that the category of $L$-ordered fuzzifying convergence spaces contains the category of pretopological $L$-ordered fuzzifying convergence spaces as a bireflective subcategory and the latter contains the category of topological $L$-ordered fuzzifying convergence spaces as a bireflective subcategory. Also, it is proved that the category of $L$-ordered fuzzifying conver...

the issue of convergence or divergence of productivity has important policy for regional poverty reduction and increasing standards of living. if productivity converges to a common level without intervention, there is little need for explicit policies in lagging regions to promote catch up. on the other hand, productivity has divergence trend, then explicit policies would be needed to prevent f...

Evolutionary multi-objective algorithms are widely considered to have two goals: convergence towards the true pareto front and maintaining a diverse set of solutions. Here we are primarily concerned with the first goal of convergence, in particular when one or more variables must converge to a common value. Using a well-known test suite, we discuss the difficulties that are currently impeding c...

A new set of predictor-corrector iterative methods with increasing order of convergence is proposed in order to estimate the solution of nonlinear systems. Our aim is to achieve high order of convergence with few Jacobian and/or functional evaluations. Moreover, we pay special attention to the number of linear systems to be solved in the process, with different matrices of coefficients. On the ...

Monte Carlo criticality calculations use the power iteration method to determine the eigenvalue (keff) and eigenfunction (fission source distribution) of the fundamental mode. A recently proposed method for accelerating convergence of the Monte Carlo power iteration using Wielandt’s method has been implemented in a test version of MCNP5. The method is shown to provide dramatic improvements in c...