Abstract In this paper we test two versions of convergence hypothesis namely deterministic or conditional convergence and stochastic or catching up hypothesis using Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2005) stationary test. The results show Latin and South American countries (LSA) catching up process toward the USA failed in 1980s and somewhat in 1990s. But in 2000s most of them could lie in converge...

In this paper, we introduce bid history and loan concepts to mitigate the shortcomings of the bidding strategy in traditional learning classifier systems (LCSs). In direct analogy with real auctions, all classifiers matching the current input compare the average bid history with their potential bid based on their current strength. The average bid history parameter gives general information abou...

The high degree of encephalization characterizing modern birds is the product of a long evolutionary history, our understanding of which is still largely in its infancy. Here we provide a redescription of the endocranial space of the oviraptorosaurian dinosaur Conchoraptor gracilis with the goal of assessing the hypothesis that it shares uniquely derived endocranial characters with crown-group ...

History matching provides to the reservoir engineers an improved spatial distribution of physical properties to be used in forecasting the reservoir response for field management. The ill-posed character of the history matching problem yields non-uniqueness and numerical instabilities that increase with the reservoir complexity. These features might cause local optimization methods to provide u...

We show that arbitrary convergence behavior of Ritz values is possible in the Arnoldi method and we give two parametrizations of the class of matrices with initial Arnoldi vectors that generates prescribed Ritz values (in all iterations). The second parametrization enables us to prove that any GMRES residual norm history is possible with any prescribed Ritz values (in all iterations), provided ...

About 15,000 species of ascomycete fungi lack a known sexual state. For fungi with asexual states in the anamorph genera Embellisia, Ulocladium, and Alternaria, six species have known sexual states but more than 50 species do not. In sexual filamentous ascomycetes, opposite mating type information at the MAT1 locus regulates mating and the opposite mating type genes each have a clonal, non-reco...

Article history: Received 28 November 2014 Accepted after revision 9 February 2015 Available online 25 March 2015 Presented by the Editorial Board We announce results about the structure and arithmeticity of all possible lattice embeddings of a class of countable groups that encompasses all linear groups with simple Zariski closure, all groups with non-vanishing first 2-Betti number, non-elemen...

The total least squares (TLS) method is a successful approach for linear problems if both the system matrix and the right hand side are contaminated by some noise. For ill-posed TLS problems regularization is necessary to stabilize the computed solution. In this paper we summarize two iterative methods which are based on a sequence of eigenproblems. The focus is on efficient implementation with...