This manual has been prepared by or for the Government and, except to the extent indicated below, is public property and not subject to copyright. Reprint or republication of this manual should include a credit substantially as Table 3-1 Safety integrity levels – low demand operation and table 3-2 Safety integrity levels – continuous operation are reprinted with permission from the Internationa...

Oil & Gas industry relies on automated, mission–critical equipment and complex systems built upon their interaction and cooperation. To assure continuous operation and avoid any supervision, architects embed Distributed Control Systems (DCS), a.k.a. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, on top of their equipment to generate data, monitor state and make critical online & offl...

We describe a case of an acute paraoesophageal hernia in the early post-operative period following a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Patient developed intraoperative tension pneumothorax requiring an immediate chest drain and subsequently needed respiratory support of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation. A short discussion of this rare but deleterious complication and t...

This article reports the results of a 1977 field survey of managers in fifty plants in the United States and Canada that have recently instituted twelve-hour shifts in continuous operation situations in the chemical and petroleum industries. The authors report that in all the plants studied the shift change has significantly improved morale without impairing efficiency, job safety, or workers' ...

In this report, experimental investigation of waste water treatment by reverse osmosis to enable its reuse in cooling tower is presented. A polyamide spiral wound RO membrane followed by three filters as RO pretreatment (two activated carbon and one cartridge filter) and samples of Tehran refinery treated waste water have been used. The effect of operating conditions such as pressure difference...

The effectiveness of utility-maximization techniques for portfolio management relies on our ability to estimate correctly the parameters of the dynamics of the underlying financial assets. In the setting of complete or incomplete financial markets, we investigate whether small perturbations of the market coefficient processes lead to small changes in the agent’s optimal behavior derived from th...

Trust in publicly verifiable Certificate Transparency (CT) logs is reduced through cryptography, gossip, auditing, and monitoring. The role of a monitor is to observe each and every log entry, looking for suspicious certificates that interest the entity running the monitor. While anyone can run a monitor, it requires continuous operation and copies of the logs to be inspected. This has lead to ...

In 2005 Schneider Electric's Innovation Department began running tests to assess the performance of ZigBee, a ready-to-use wireless technology with ultra-low power consumption. The department's aim was to gauge ZigBee's performance in helping to ensure the continuous operation of machines and processes, even in harsh industrial conditions, while contributing to a greener environment. The cost-r...

Current Internet users see the combination of World-wide Web (WWW) and electronic mail as a synonym for the Internet. While WWW is excellent for easy and fast dissemination of information and email facilitates efficient communication, a means for wide-spread, threaded discussion and interchange of information among large groups of users is still necessary. WWW has experienced a tremendous innov...

The present study concerns the search for ageing effects in 0.3mm gap timing RPCs. Counters were made with glass and aluminium electrodes and kept under a continuous gas flow of tetrafluorethane with 10% sulphur hexafluoride, 5% isobutane and water at 10% relative humidity. After 500 days of operation at the saturation current an accumulated charge of 800mC was collected, equivalent to over 8 y...