medication, but he required medication thereafter. He had no episodes of peritonitis and gained 5 kg. However, his urine output gradually declined despite large doses of furosemide. At the beginning of the third year, despite an increasing dose and number of antihypertensive medications, he complained of progressive fatigue, anorexia, and ankle swelling. He was hypertensive (blood pressure, 180...

Substantial derangements of mesothelial biology are observed during experimental simulations of dialysis conditions, inferred from the content of human dialysis effluent and visualized by microscopy of human mesothelial biopsies. Can osmotically active solutions be made biocompatible with the osmoregulatory system of the mesothelium? Can the contributions of the mesothelium to host defenses aga...

Peritoneal fluid eosinophilia can be caused by many factors. It has been noted in helminthic infection or allergic diseases and can occur especially at the initiation of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). We show the case of a 53-year-old woman undergoing CAPD who was initially treated for bacterial peritonitis with antibiotics. Finally, she revealed an eosinophilic peritonitis m...

There is usually a latent period of between 24 and 72 hours from contamination of the peritoneal cavity to the onset of clinical peritonitis.2 Our four patients developed peritonitis due to S viridans two to seven days after the onset of a lesion in the mouth or dental surgery. Peritonitis in these patients probably resulted from haematogenous spread of the bacteria from the mouth. Although S v...

The growing interest in daily dialysis and combined continuous and intermittent dialysis treatments has created the need for a dialysis dosing model that is valid over a wide range of dosing frequency and intensity. Three models have been described for this purpose and are reviewed here. They have in common the concept of a continuous clearance value which is equivalent to the summed intermitte...

Used peritoneal dialysis fluid was collected from patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and its pH and composition were assessed after incubation in either air or air with 5% CO2. Precipitation of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and proteins occurred in the dialysis fluid incubated in air at 37 degrees C and was associated with a mean pH increase of 1.23 U. Incubation of...

The disposition of cefotaxime (CTX) and desacetyl cefotaxime (DAC) was studied in eight noninfected patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Each patient received a single intravenous (i.v.) infusion and an intraperitoneal (i.p.) instillation of 2 g of CTX. Multiple blood and dialysate samples were collected during the 72-h period after drug administration. The half-life, steady-s...

Countries in Asia vary significantly in culture and socioeconomic status. Dialysis costs and reimbursement structures are significant factors in decisions about the rates and modalities of renal replacement therapy. From our survey of Asian nephrologists conducted in 2001, a number of observations can be made. In many developing countries, the annual cost of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dia...

Although activity of iron uptake system (IUS) was thought to play an important role in staphylococcal growth in human peritoneal dialysate (HPD) solution, siderophore production, one of the well-known IUS, was not yet detected directly in HPD solution. Therefore, we tried to detect siderophore production directly in HPD solution by using a newly developed chrome azurol S (CAS) agar diffusion as...