Between October 1982 and September 1983, an outbreak of cholera occurred in Transkei. A total of 678 patients with clinical illness were reported in a review of positive laboratory results. Subsequent to each report, the health department personnel began a rigorous contact-tracing process during which data on the environment were collected. A total of 1,157 standardised forms listing 6,615 pers...

Development and production of coalbed methane involves the production of large volumes of water. The salinities and sodium adsorption ratios of coalbed methane (CBM) water from the Powder River Basin range from 370 to 1,940 ppm and 5.6 to 69 respectively. Surface discharge of CBM water can create serious environmental problems; subsurface injection is generally viewed as economically nonviable....

Pneumoconiosis is a systemic disease mainly caused by diffuse fibrosis (scar) of lung tissue due to long-term inhalation productive mineral dust in occupational activities and retention the lungs. The concentrration can be effectively controlled using water-based reduction technique. Therefore, investigation into water-clay interaction useful for pneumoconiosis prevention treatment. In this stu...

In isolated communities where potable water sources as well as energy grids are limited or nonexistent, treating brackish groundwater aquifers with small-scale desalination systems is an interesting and sometimes viable alternative to existing water infrastructures. With regards to the performance of intermittently operated desalination systems only very limited experience exists, both with reg...

In petroleum production, Produced Water Re-Injection (PWRI) has earned much interest among disposal methods of the produced water. However, presence of the contaminants in the produced waters usually results in formation damage in well bores and their surrounding fracture systems. In the present study, modeling of external cake formation on a fracture in unsteady-state conditions i...

abstract experiment was conducted for 8 weeks to determine the reaction (astacus leptodactylus) to interaction energy and salinity. diets containing 3 levels of energy (300,370 and 450 kcal/100g) with a constant protein content of 30% and 2 levels of salinity (fresh water and brackish water (12 ppt) were formulated. tank content 110 liter, each filled with 80 liter water. 5 a.leptodactylus (ave...

ABSTRACT Optimizing the source size and its utilization by the sink is one of the main factors enhancing the yield potential and decreasing water demand in crops when exposed to drought. To investigate the effect of defoliation on leaf water relations, chlorophyll content and yield components of five triticale genotypes including Sanabad, Juanillo, ET-83-3, ET-84-5 and ET-84-8 under well-watere...