integrated assessment of water resources systems, as one of the iwrm basic steps, is the most important stage in the process of planning and implementing water resources management. water accounting frameworks have been introduced for organizing water data and combining them with economic data to come up with effective strategies towards greater productivity with maintaining or improving enviro...

OBJECTIVE To describe the food consumption patterns of US infants and toddlers, 4 to 24 months of age. DESIGN Descriptive analysis of data collected in the 2002 Feeding Infants and Toddlers study based on telephone interviews and 24-hour dietary recalls. SUBJECTS A national random sample of 3,022 infants and toddlers age 4 to 24 months. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED The percentage of inf...

Isomaltulose, a naturally-occurring isomer of sucrose, is commonly used as an alternative sweetener in foods and beverages. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of isomaltulose together with green tea on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentration, as well as antioxidant capacity in healthy subjects. In a randomized, single-blind, crossover study, 15 healthy subjects (ei...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of beverage temperature and composition on weight retention and fluid balance upon voluntary drinking following exercise induced-dehydration. Eight men who were not acclimated to heat participated in four randomly ordered testing sessions. In each session, the subjects ran on a treadmill in a chamber maintained at 37℃ without being supplied...

INTRODUCTION Dietary questionnaires usually only assess the intake of drinks that provide calories, but do not accurately evaluate total fluid or water intake. The evaluation of the fluid consumption pattern of a population has been the main objective of only a very few studies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the total fluid intake from different types of beverages in Spanish adults. METHODS A total...

Environmental conditions influence meal size in adults and children. Intake of sweet drinks could contribute significantly to energy intake and potentially affect body weight, particularly in young individuals. The objectives of the present study were to measure the lunch intake of food and drinks under controlled laboratory settings in teenagers and to compare the influence of different meal c...

this study was performed to investigate the effect of different levels of irrigation water applied in tape drip irrigation on yield, seed yield components, oil yield, seed oil percent, and seed water use efficiency (wue) of two canola varieties in behbahan agriculture research station in 2009 and 2010 seasons. the experiment was performed in split plots as a randomized complete block design wit...

Based on China’s potato staple food policy, we chose potatoes as a study case to analyze the following indicators—the virtual new nitrogen factor (VNNF), phosphorus (VNPF), irrigation-water (IW) (VIWF), total water (IW + precipitation) (VTWF), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission (VCF) of consumed by households in six cultivation regions—by reviewing 220 publications from 2000 2020. The results sh...

CONTEXT Considerable controversy regarding fluid replacement during exercise currently exists. OBJECTIVE To compare fluid turnover between National Football League (NFL) players who have constant fluid access and collegiate football players who replace fluids during water breaks in practices. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Respective preseason training camps of 1 National Collegiate ...