Cyber-physical systems (CPS) often rely on external communication for supervisory control or sensing. Unfortunately, these communications render the system vulnerable to cyber attacks. Attacks that alter messages, such as replay attacks record measurement signals, and then play them back can cause devastating effects. Dynamic Watermarking methods, which inject a private excitation into inputs s...

For the formation of lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches, lymphoid tissue inducer cells are crucial in triggering stromal cells to recruit and retain hematopoietic cells. Although LTi cells have been observed in fetal spleen, not much is known about fetal spleen development and the role of LTi cells in this process. Here we show that LTi cells collect in a periarteriolar manner in fetal spleen at t...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES High body mass index appears protective in hemodialysis patients, but uncertainty prevails regarding which components of body composition, fat or lean body mass, are primarily associated with survival. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Data between April 2006 and December 2012 were extracted from the Fresenius Medical Care Europe subset of the internation...

Trypsin inhibitory activity from the hemolymph of Limulus polyphemus was found to co-purify with coagulogen (the clottable protein in blood coagulation) after acidification, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and gel filtration. Limulus trypsin inhibitor (LTI) was separated from coagulogen by ion-exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl-Sephadex. LTI is an inhibitor of trypsin (Ki = 3.3 nM) on bot...

One of the most influential results in neural network theory is universal approximation theorem [1], [2], [3] which states that continuous functions can be approximated to within arbitrary accuracy by single-hidden-layer feedforward networks. The purpose this paper establish a result spirit for general discrete-time linear dynamical systems—including time-varying systems—by recurrent networks (...

This paper studies the variation diminishing property of k-positive linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, which diminish number sign changes (variation) from input to output, if is at most k?1. We characterize this for discrete-time Toeplitz and Hankel operators finite-dimensional causal systems. Our main result that these have a dominant approximation in form series or parallel interconnections...

Le paradigme central en théorie de la commande robuste repose sur la structure de commande à contre-réaction et sur les modèles linéaires à temps invariant (LTI) des systèmes dynamiques (cf. figure 1). La première utilise l’information des sorties mesurées y pour élaborer un signal de commande u. Les modèles LTI quant à eux sont des objets mathématiques bien caractérisés et simples à utiliser. ...

Interleukin (IL)-1 signaling plays a critical role in intestinal immunology. Here, we report that the major population of intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes expressing IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) is the lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi)-like cell, a type of innate lymphoid cell. These cells are significant producers of IL-22, and this IL-22 production depends on IL-1R1 signaling. LTi-like cells are...

in this paper, an optimal control of quadratic performance index with nonlinear constrained is presented. the sine-cosine wavelet operational matrix of integration and product matrix are introduced and applied to reduce nonlinear differential equations to the nonlinear algebraic equations. then, the newton-raphson method is used for solving these sets of algebraic equations. to present ability ...

We use the recently introduced concept of a Scaled Relative Graph (SRG) to develop graphical analysis input-output properties feedback systems. The SRG nonlinear operator generalizes Nyquist diagram an LTI system. In spirit classical control theory, important robustness indicators systems are measured as distances between SRGs.