Intuitively it seems obvious to most observers that increasing energy efficiency will ultimately reduce demand for an energy resource such as electricity. Paradoxically, economic theory suggests that this decrease in demand and subsequent decrease in cost of using the resource could cause a rebound in demand. A commonly cited example is an increase in the efficiency of home air conditioning whi...

In this work, we propose extending the production planning decisions of a chemical process network to include optimal contract selection under uncertainty with suppliers and product selling price optimization. We use three quantity-based contract models: discount after a certain purchased amount, bulk discount, and fixed duration contracts. We propose the use of general regression models to des...

We consider a continuous review inventory system that faces two different cases of demand processes. In one case demand follows a compound Poisson process. In the other case demand is a combination of a constant deterministic component and a random component which follows a compound Poisson process. We assume negligible lead time. Orders occur when inventory level drops to or below level zero, ...

Abstract-Analytic models are developed for optimizing bus services with time dependence and elasticity in their demand characteristics. Some supply parameters, i.e. vehicle operating costs and speeds are also allowed to vary over time. The multiple period models presented here allow some of the optimized system characteristics (e.g. route structure) to be fixed at values representing the best c...

According to Newton’s law of gravity, two masses interact with each other via a central force which can be derived from the potential VN (r) = −Gm1m2/r where G is a universal constant known as Newton’s constant. Likewise, according to Coulomb’s law, two electrically charged particles with charges n1e and n2e interact via the central potential VCb (r) = αn1n2/r where e is the elementary charge a...

We show that for any constant ǫ > 0 and p ≥ 1, it is possible to distinguish functions f : {0, 1} → [0, 1] that are submodular from those that are ǫ-far from every submodular function in lp distance with a constant number of queries. More generally, we extend the testing-by-implicit-learning framework of Diakonikolas et al. (2007) to show that every property of real-valued functions that is wel...

The diastolic pressure-volume curve shifts upward during demand ischemia, most likely because of changes in Ca2+ dynamics within the sarcomere. It is possible that agents that affect Na+/Ca2+exchange, such as lidocaine, a class 1b-type Na+-channel blocker that decreases intracellular Na+, could affect the diastolic pressure-volume relationship because of indirect effects on intracellular Ca2+. ...

inventory control problem is one of the problems in decision making and management that contains non-crisp parameters in real world. economic production quantity (epq) model in fuzzy environment has been studied so far by many researchers. one of the main assumptions in all previous researches was neglecting the inventory shortage. in this research, a new multi-item epq model with fuzzy random ...