Online retailing provides alternative shopping channels, where the retail platform can either let manufacturers directly sell to consumers or open a self-operated channel, even both. Regardless of sales often pay attention income gap between themselves and enterprises (named consumer’s fairness concern ). In this work, we explore how consumers’ concerns affect optimal decisions both manufacture...

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive measure of sympathovagal balance in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This review will: (a) consider HRV measurement in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); (b) discuss the applicability of HRV measurement in IBS by addressing strengths and limitations; and (c) propose future directions in this field of gastrointestinal research and clinical practice. ...

Noise removal from medical images is important for further processing and visual analysis. Medical images like X-Ray, CT, MRI, PET and SPECT have minute information about heart, brain and nerves. These images need to accurate and free from noise. Noise reduction plays an important role in medical imaging. There are various methods of noise removal such as filters, wavelets and thresholding base...

Todays engineering research is highly motivated towards the nature inspired metaheuristic computational algorithm as they have the capability to give better results as compared to the conventional methods. Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) have become increasingly popular due to their extensive array of applications. Desing of energy efficient routing algorithms is an important issue in the design...

introduction: the every possible attempt in voice disorders assessment is to gather samples which represent individual s’ actual voice in the daily speech. the researchers have found that voice characteristics in reading a passage are closer to daily speech. making texts has been started since early 20th century. the lack o f suitable text in farsi language makes it difficult to conduct requisi...

A high number of somatic symptoms have been associated with poor health status and increased health care use. Previous studies focused on number of symptoms without considering the specific symptoms. The aim of the study was to investigate 1) the prevalence of 19 somatic symptoms, 2) the associations between the symptoms, and 3) the associations between the somatic symptoms, self-perceived heal...